1. NSF Particle Physics & Particle and Nuclear Astrophysics Programs
Fermilab Users’ Meeting 31 May – 01 June, 2006
R. Boyd, M. Goldberg, J. Kotcher, M. Pripstein, R. Ruchti, J. Stone

2. Outline Program description, overview Budgets & funding Award types
US LHC operations support
Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL)
ILC
Closing remarks
Note: throughout this talk, EPP = Experimental Particle Physics, PNA = Particle and Nuclear Astrophysics
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

3. NSF Act of 1950 “To promote the progress of science…”
NSB (24) and 1 Director, appointed by the President
Encourage & develop a national policy for the promotion of basic research and education in math, physical, medical, biological, engineering and other sciences
Initiate & support basic scientific research in the sciences
Provide information for science and engineering policy development
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

4. NSF Organizational Structure
OISE/OCI/OPP
MPS
Broader Impacts, Added Value, Partnerships
OISE = Office of International Science/Eng, OPP = Office of Polar Programs, OCI = Office of CyberInfrastructure
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

5. Particle Physics in Transition
Discovery potential never greater – new chapter
LHC will dominate accelerator-based HEP in the near future, many US projects phasing out
Next generation frontier accelerator requires multibillion $ investment and international cooperation
Vision is emerging, but is not yet totally clear (EPP 2010, HEPAP, subpanels)
Intellectual breadth of NSF program reaches beyond energy frontier, and accelerators in general
NSF supports ~10% of US program, ~40% of university activities
DOE is primary steward of national accelerator complex and will lead the ILC campaign
NSF will increase investment to broaden field, e.g. DUSEL, while supporting university groups across frontiers
GO THROUGH
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

6. $15M increase for EPP in FY07 budget request
NSF FY07 Priorities
From Feb 06 talk by M. Turner on FY07 Rollout:
Advancing the Frontier (grant support)
Facility Stewardship, Instrumentation and CyberInfrastructure
Broadening Participation
Education and Workforce Development
$15M increase for EPP in FY07 budget request
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

7. Advancing the Frontier
Elementary Particle Physics (EPP), fundamental research across
the energy frontier – the attempt to discover new fundamental particles and laws of physics by studying collisions at the highest energies achievable with current and future accelerators;
the neutrino frontier – exploration of the properties of the neutrino, a particle now known to carry mass and believed to be fundamental to understanding the developing universe; and
the cosmic frontier – the study of dark matter and dark energy.
Physics of the universe (POU), a set of activities carried out in partnership with DOE and NASA for exploring
the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy;
the earliest phases in development of the universe;
the fundamental nature of time, matter and space; and
the role of gravitation.
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

8. Empowering university-based investigators Adding value:
Overall EPP/PNA Goals
Empowering university-based investigators
Adding value:
Partnerships
Building interdisciplinary collaboration
Increasingly relevant as scope of EPP/PNA broaden
Broadening Participation
Single investigators
Non-traditional, under-represented participants
Research in Undergraduate Institutions (RUIs)
Education and Outreach Activities
Above are among criteria for proposal review
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

9. EPP/PNA Portfolio University Program CESR
Accelerator- and non-accelerator based physics
Computational physics
CESR
LHC Construction and Operations
DUSEL
Accelerator and Detector R&D (APPI)
ILC-related, and other, support
Coordination with related disciplines, groups
Partnerships
PNA plays central role in funding a number of projects:
HiRes, Veritas, Auger, CDMS, Xenon, WARP, PICASSO, DRIFT, Milagro, QUIET, STACEE,…
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

10. MPS = Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences
MPS by Division
MPS = Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

11. 10-Year Funding History
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

12. Base and Allied Funding: EPP, PNA, Theory
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

13. Base Detail: EPP, PNA, Theory
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

14. Funding History
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

15. Distribution of Accelerator-Based University Group Funding (FY05)
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

16. Base-funded FTEs (FY05)
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

17. Partnerships Cyberscience Education with research
Tier 2 centers for LHC data analysis – with OCI
UltraLight – with OCI
Trillium/Open Science Grid (OSG) – with OCI and DOE
Education with research
QuarkNet – OMA, EHR and DOE/HEP
CHEPREO – with OMA, OCI, EHR, OISE
I2U2 – with OMA, EHR, PHY
Mariachi – OCI funded
CyberBridges – OCI funded
OCI = Office of CyberInfrastructure, OMA = Office of Multidisciplinary Activities, EHR = Education and Human Resources, OISE = Office of International Science and Engineering
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

18. Larger Award Types
MREFC: Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction
Awards for projects which exceed a minimum of $100M over the project life. Involves the National Science Board (NSB) directly. Timing depends upon Division, Directorate & NSF priority, project readiness, etc.
DUSEL, LIGO, LHC Construction, CLEO, IceCube
MRI: Major Research Infrastructure
Awards for developing university scientific infrastructure. Proposal deadline is late January of a given year.
Two award maxima, by type ($800k, $2M)
Portions of the DØ Upgrade, MICE electronics development
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

19. Coming New NSF Initiative
Mid-Scale Instrumentation
In the planning phase
An Opportunity
Intermediate between MRI and MREFC
>$2M, <$100M
5 year time frame
Various possibilities
An experiment
Upgrades
Accelerator, Detector R&D, …
Equipment
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

20. LHC GRID Computing Tier Structure University Regional Tier 2 Center
NSF
University Regional Tier 2 Center
PCs
University
New York Times : “To users [at Universities], thousands of computers and millions of gigabytes of data will look like one single computing engine of unprecedented power.”
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

21. QuarkNet
“I saw the teachers change to teacher/apprentice scientists and this changed how they are viewed by their students.”
QuarkNet will involve 100,000 students from 600 US high schools
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

22. NSF Funding of US LHC
Highest Priority of EPP 2010 Report (NRC, May 2006) is to “Fully exploit opportunities afforded by…LHC.”
Earlier this month, the NSF National Science Board approved the grant proposals for the full amount requested - $87M over 5 years, beginning in FY07 - for US LHC ATLAS and CMS Detector Operations
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

23. EPP 2010 on Diversity
“Particle physics, like all of other elements of the scientific enterprise, explores the unknown, and this inevitably requires shouldering some uncertainty. Thus, it is important to maintain a diverse and comprehensive portfolio of research activities – from theory to accelerator R&D to the construction of new experimental facilities to efforts to probe entirely new areas.”
From Findings and Recommendations: “In particular, it is important to recall the strategic necessity of mounting, regardless of budgetary constraints, a comprehensive program that reflects a diversity of scientific opportunities and approaches to the scientific challenges facing particle physics. Under no circumstances, therefore, should the committee’s top two or three priorities be permitted to exhaust the entire available budget. Indeed, in the most pessimistic budget scenario…the level of resources invested in the priorities outlined below would need to be modified, but the need for pursuing a diversified research portfolio would be unchanged.”
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

24. Ground Truth Frontier Science and Engineering Deep Underground
Why deep?
Neutrino picture
of the Sun
Geo-microbes
Ground Truth Frontier Science and Engineering Deep Underground
Large Block Geo Experiment
Coupled Processes
Undergraduates in
South Africa mine
Creating large stopes:
size of cavity vs depth
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

25. DUSEL Overview Broad, rich, multidisciplinary scientific program
Biology, Engineering, Geosciences, Physics
Intrinsically strong program for education, outreach
Excellent match to NSF mission
Offers opportunity for growth, diversity during difficult time in particle physics, other disciplines
Many new and unique challenges:
Multi-purpose national laboratory that will serve variety of scientific communities over many decades
New collaborations with other disciplines, organizations
Laboratory infrastructure responsibility of NSF, experiments will be joint DOE/NSF (+ foreign) initiatives
Collaborative approach being sought with DOE from outset
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

26. Henderson DUSEL Unearthing the Secrets of the Universe, Underground
Henderson DUSEL
Unearthing the Secrets of the Universe, Underground
Chang Kee Jung
Stony Brook University
P5 Meeting
Fermilab, April 18, 2006
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

27. J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

28. DUSEL Status Two sites currently under consideration:
Henderson Mine, Empire, CO (near Denver)
PI: Chang-Kee Jung, SUNY Stony Brook
Homestake Mine, Lead, SD (near Rapid City)
PI: Kevin Lesko, LBL
Conceptual Design Reports will be submitted 23 June 2006
Down-select to single site targeted for summer 2006
Site-specific technical design follows
Process could lead to funding start in FY09
DUSEL #1 priority for next new project start in Physics Division
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

29. DUSEL Community Planning Activities
Bahcall report (2001): NSF-DOE sponsored ad hoc committee of scientists strongly recommended that Homestake Mine
NSAC Long-Range Plan (2002): Strongly supported development of an underground laboratory to enable some aspects of nuclear research, e.g., double beta decay.
NESS 2002: An NSF sponsored conference on Underground Science showcases the wide variety of science that would be enabled with an underground laboratory.
Connecting Quarks to the Cosmos (2003): Known as Turner Report, NRC panel recommended development of an underground laboratory to enable a number of fundamental science experiments.
HEPAP Long-Range Plan (2003): Supported development of an underground laboratory to enable some aspects of high energy research, e.g., long baseline neutrino detector and proton decay
Neutrinos and Beyond (2003): Known as Barish Report, OSTP charged NRC panel emphasized neutrino physics, much of which requires an underground laboratory; placed in international context.
EarthLab 2003: An NSF sponsored report of the GeoSciences and GeoEngineering opportunities that would be enabled by an underground laboratory.
Physics of the Universe—A Strategic Plan for Federal Research at the Intersection of Physics and Astronomy (NSTC) 2004: Strongly supported development of an underground laboratory for science and engineering
Quantum Universe—The Revolution in 21st Century Particle Physics, 2004: NSF-DOE HEPAP Sub Panel report identifies key science drivers and indicates need for DUSEL to address key questions
A lot more activities: NuSAG (HEPAP, NSAC, AAAS sub panel), Dark Matter sub panel, EPP2010…
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

30. A Sampling of the DUSEL Scientific Program
Multidisciplinary, diverse suite of experiments:
Life at Depth
Study of subsurface biosphere
Isolated underground life forms
Life forms at high temperature, pressure, associated genomic features
Fluid flow and transport at depth
Applications include stability of water supplies, hazardous waste disposal, remediation of contaminated groundwater
Rock formation at depth
Seismic transmission, rock mechanics, etc.
Mineral resources and environmental geochemistry
Very low level counting facility, experiments
Homeland security
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

31. DUSEL Scientific Program
Science, technology and engineering innovation
Novel microorganisms, analytic techniques for geomicrobiology, drilling and excavation technology, environmental remediation, subsurface imaging, …
Creating pure crystals without cosmic ray induced “impurities”
Creating very large stopes
Neutrino physics
Neutrino-less double beta decay
Solar neutrinos
Other neutrino mixing angles, CP violation
Nuclear astrophysics
Dark matter searches
Matter stability
Proton decay
Supernovae neutrino observations
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

32. DUSEL R&D in FY07
The NSF Physics Division is preparing to allocate up to $6M for DUSEL in FY07, which will target:
Site-non-specific, DUSEL-related detector R&D
Competitive evaluation of proposals
Site-specific technical design after the down-select in summer
Funding level assumes allocations are commensurate with the FY07 request
NSF Geomechanics & Geotechnical Systems Program (Engineering Directorate) encouraging submission of R&D proposals for DUSEL-related design, construction and research in FY07
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

33. Candidate DUSEL R&D Projects in Physics
Dark Matter Detection
Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay
Nuclear Astrophysics (accelerator based cross-section measurements)
Geoneutrinos
Solar and Supernovae Neutrinos
Low Background Counting Facilities (LBCF) and Common Infrastructure
Long Baseline Neutrinos and Proton Decay: “Megaton” Detectors
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

34. International Linear Collider
NSF support of ILC in FY05 ~ $0.75M in FY05
University research in detector and accelerator development ($0.25M)
University support is partnership with DOE
Support of GDE personnel & activities ($0.5M)
Support for each was doubled in FY06, total $1.5M
Physics Division is in process of understanding the most effective means of utilizing NSF strengths to support ILC
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

35. Committee of Visitors (COV)
Excerpts from report from Jan 2006 COV review of Physics Division:
“…panels are asked to prioritize proposals for different budget scenarios. This is a key aspect of the… process since it requires the review committee to deal with the hard choices that the Program Officers face.
We particularly commend the EPP program officers for… proactive management of the portfolio, which has kept it lean and competitive.
…this is absolutely necessary in order to carve out room in the budget to fund young faculty and start new projects.
We also commend the EPP program officers for their creative interactions with other NSF programs and Divisions.
We encourage the continuation of this fresh and innovative thinking, and support their efforts to implement new approaches to scientific management.
We also note the relatively low value of funded MRI proposals in EPP during past two years…”
WE GET REVIEWED, WE LISTEN
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

36. Closing Remarks Scientific opportunities as promising as ever
Diverse array of exciting, fundamental questions to be answered
NSF will continue to try to maintain a properly balanced portfolio as we rise to meet this challenge
Commitment to university program is a cornerstone of this process
“We respond to proposals”
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

37. Additional Slides
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

38. DUSEL Depth
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

39. Underground Laboratory Depth vs. Volume
Proposed
DUSEL
SD support
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

40. Very Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillations
Homestake
2560 km
1315 km
FNAL
1500 km
BNL
2760 km
Henderson
Measure , CP and sign of m
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006

41. Large Underground Cavities
Uncharted Territory
J. Kotcher Fermilab User’s Meeting, 31 May – 1 June 2006