3. Population Pyramids

4. Stages of Demographic Transition Model
Pre-industrial
(Stage 1)
LEDC
(Stage 2)
Wealthier LEDC
(Stage 3)
MEDC (Stage 4)
MEDC
(Stage 5)
Birth rate
High
Declining
Low
Very low
Death rate
Moderate
Life expect
Short
Medium
Long
Pop’l growth
Slow
Rapid
Slowing
Stable
Shrinking

5. Population in millions
Stage 2 Pyramid: Wide Base
Male
Female
There is also a high Death Rate.
In this country there is a high Birth Rate
Population in millions
This population pyramid is typical of countries in poorer parts of the world (LEDCs.)

6. Stage 2 example

7. Stage 3: Wide Middle
In some LEDCs the government is encouraging couples to have smaller families. This means the birth rate has fallen.

8. Stage 3 example

9. Population in millions
Stage 4: Slender
Male
Female
Population in millions
The largest category of people were born about 40 years ago.
In this country the number of people in each age group is about the same.
In this country there is a low Birth Rate and a low Death Rate.
This population pyramid is typical of countries in the richer parts of the world (MEDCs.)

10. Stage 4 example

13. Population in millions
Stage 5: Narrow Base
Male
Female
Population in millions
In the future the elderly people will make up the largest section of the population in this country.
In this country the birth rate is decreasing.
This is happening more and more in many of the world’s richer countries.

14. Stage 5 example

16. Demographic Transitions in China

19. China:2005

22. FIGURE 8.13

23. Population pyramid for Mozambique.
Population pyramid for Iceland.