1. Human Systems and Resource Use 7Billion
Chapter 8
Human Systems and Resource Use
7Billion

2. Is the World Overpopulated?
The world’s human population was projected to increase from 6.6 Billion in 2006 to 9.2 Billion in 2050?
What is the current population?
In 2006, the population of developed countries grew 0.17% per year.
Developing countries grew 1.4% per year.
In % of growth was in developing countries!
Current average growth rate is 1.11% which is down from 1.13% in 2016

3. HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH:
For most of history the human population grew slowly
In the last 200 years humans have experienced exponential growth!
Demographics: The study of the dynamics of population change

4. The Future?
The High Variant: Crude death rate (CDR) continues to fall, while crude birth rate (CBR) falls more slowly
The Low Variant: We will not find cures for diseases and CBR will decrease

5. 3 Reasons for Rapid growth is past 200 years
Ability to move into diverse habitats and new climate zones
Improved agriculture allows more people to be fed
Developed sanitation, antibiotics, and discovered concentrated energy sources (fossil fuels)

6. Factors Affecting Population Size
crude birth rate (CBR): total number of births per 1,000
crude death rate (CDR): total number of deaths per 1,000
Calculated by dividing the number of births or deaths by the population size and multiplying by 1000
natural increase rate (NIR): Rate of growth expressed as percentage change each year
(CBR-CDR)/10 (Migration is not accounted for)
Doubling Time: 70/NIR

8. Babies!!! Total fertility rate (TFR) : ave. # of children women have.
most useful for predicting future population change
When was the TFR greatest in the U.S.?
Baby boom = 3.7 at its highest point in 1957
Current TFR in USA is 1.87 (why aren’t we shrinking)?
What about other countries?

9. More Babies!!!
Replacement level fertility – # of children needed to replace parents
What number do you think it should be?
2.0 in theory, but in MEDCs it is 2.03 and in LEDCs it is 2.16 and much higher in some.
Why?
Higher due to infant mortality
Why do they die?
Malnutrition

10. Global TFR

11. MEDCs and LEDCs Human Development Index (HDI)
A measure of the “well-being” of a country
Combines health, wealth, GDP, and education into one value.

12. Factors Affecting Birth and Fertility Rates
The number of children women have is affected by:
The cost of raising and educating them
Having rights protected
Education and employment opportunities
Infant deaths
Marriage age
Availability of a pension
Availability of contraception
Availability of abortion

13. Human Population and Resources
It is SIMPLE!
More people = more resources
More people = more waste
People usually want “progress”
More people = greater impact
Sustainability?
Sure we just have to control population increase and resource demand
But how?

14. Survivorship Curves and Humans
Think of it as showing the odds of surviving to a certain age!
Type 1: Late Loss Shows most individuals surviving until old age (developed countries)
Type 2: Constant Loss Shows that individuals have equal chance of dying at a young age (usually due to malnutrition or poor hygiene)
Type 3: Early Loss Shows many individuals dying young (not usually seen with humans)