1. What is Chemistry? What is Chemistry the Study of…..? What is Matter?
Chemistry is the Study of Matter and the Changes it can undergo.
What is Matter?
1. Matter is anything that has mass and volume (takes up space).
2. “Matter is anything you can put in a balloon and keep in there.” Mr.D
What is most Matter made of?
Generally, Matter is made of Atoms.
What is Not Matter?
Light Energy, Sounds, Heat (Thermal) Energy…
What kinds of Changes can Matter undergo?
1. Physical Changes, Chemical Changes, and Nuclear Changes (on hold until Unit 3)

2. Physical Changes and Physical Properties
What are Physical Changes?
Physical Changes are changes in state or phase (solid, liquid, gas) or shape without changing the composition of matter. “Still the Same Stuff”.
What are some examples of Physical Changes?
Melting, freezing, boiling, condensing, cutting, molding, grinding, crushing…
What are Physical Properties?
Physical Properties are those properties that can be observed without changing the composition of the sample.
What are some examples of Physical Properties?
Melting point temperature, boiling point, color, hardness, density

3. Chemical Changes and Chemical Properties
How can one describe a Chemical Change?
A starting material (Reactant) is changed into a “new”* material (Product) with different properties.
Generally, atoms are rearranged and bonded in a different way to form a “new” substance. *“new” = different
How can one Identify a Chemical Change?
The presence of a “new” material with different Properties is evidence of a Chemical Change.
What are Chemical Properties?
Chemical Properties are the Chemical Changes a substance may undergo.
Describe the Chemical Change illustrated here.
Oxygen and methane rearrange their atoms to form water and carbon dioxide.

4. Pure Substances What is an Element? What is a Compound?
A sample of matter is an Element if it contains only one type of atom.
Elements cannot be decomposed into anything simpler. *Except sub-atomic particles
What is a Compound?
Atoms of Different Elements may chemically bond together to form Compounds.
What are the characteristics of a Compound?
1. Elements combine in a Definite Ratio due to specific bond formation.
2. The Physical and Chemical Properties of Compounds are Different from the Elements from which they form.

5. Most Materials are Mixtures
What are the Characteristics of Mixtures?
Substances (Elements and/or Compounds) can be Combined Without Chemically Bonding.
1. Therefore, the Proportions of components in a Mixture can vary.
2. The Substances retain their identity and the properties of the mixture are a blend of the properties of the individual components.
Distinguish between Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixtures have a uniform composition throughout.
The Different Components can be seen in a Heterogeneous Mixture.
What type of mixture is an Aqueous Solution (aq)?
An Aqueous Solution is a Homogeneous Mixture. Water is the Solvent.

6. Methods to Classify Types of Matter

7. Classification of Matter
All Matter
Can it be separated by Simple Physical means?
Yes No
Mixture
Pure Substance
Can it be decomposed by Chemical means?
Is the Composition Uniform?
Yes No
Yes No
Homogeneous Mixture
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element

8. Methods Used to Separate Different Parts of a Mixture
Describe the process of Distillation.
1. The component with the Lowest Boiling Point Vaporizes Most Rapidly.
2. The Vapors Cool and Condense, and flow into a separate container.
Describe the process of Centrifugation.
Spinning a mixture causes the Denser Components to settle to the bottom faster.

9. More Methods of Separation of Components of a Mixture
Describe the process of Filtration.
Larger particles are trapped while smaller particles travel through a filter.
Filter Paper will Not separate the components of an aqueous solution (aq).
Describe the process of Paper Chromatography
Pigments in a Mixture Separate due to different affinities for a specific Solvent as it travels up the paper.

10. Compounds vs Mixtures
Different components combined in a definite ratio….Why?
Different components can combine in any ratio…..Why?
Compounds make specific Chemical Bonds while Mixtures do not.
Electrolysis: Using electricity to Decompose Water into its individual components
Characteristics of mixtures are a combination or blend of characteristics of individual components….Why?
Characteristics of compounds are different from individual components…..Why?
Forming a Compound is a Chemical Change, thus a “new” material forms.
Difficult to separate individual components….Why?
Easy to separate individual components…Why?
Chemical Bonds are Difficult to Break Mixtures are Not Chemically Bonded.

11. Classify each of the following as one of the four types of matter
Classify each of the following as one of the four types of matter. Explain each choice.
Link to Quia Game: Types of Matter
Iced Tea with lemon and sugar
Pure Substance: Compound
NaCl (l)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Air
Solution = Homogeneous Mix.
NaCl (aq)
(aq) is ALWAYS a Homogeneous Mixture
Sea Water
Probably a Heterogeneous Mixture, possibly Homogeneous
CO2 (g)
Pure Substance: Compound
Wood (oak)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Cheese Pizza
Heterogeneous Mixture
Carbon (s)
Pure substance: Element
Quartz Crystal (silicon dioxide)
Pure Substance: Compound
O2 (g)
Pure substance: Element
Paper
Homogeneous Mixture
Heterogeneous Mixture
if made w/ real lemons
Distilled Water
Pure Substance: Compound
Lemonade
Tap Water
Pure substance: Element
Homogeneous Mixture
Zinc Powder
NaCl (s)
Pure Substance: Compound
Brass*
Alloy: Homogeneous Mixture of Metals

12. Simple Particle Diagrams
How can Simple Particle Diagrams Illustrate the Phases of Matter?
Link to Phases of Matter in Containers
Link to Phases of Matter at the Molecular Level
Link to Interactive Phases of Matter
How can Simple Particle Diagrams Illustrate the Types of Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures?
Link to Examples of Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures (or see next slide)
Link to Elements, Compounds and Mixtures Interactive Quiz

13. Describe the Types of Matter