1. What is the minimum number of neurons in a reflex arc?
d. 7
Answer: b

2. One of the first somatic reflexes to develop is the suckling reflex
One of the first somatic reflexes to develop is the suckling reflex. Which type of reflex is this?
a. inherent reflex
b. acquired reflex
c. innate reflex
d. visceral reflex
Answer: c

3. a. cranial; the somatosensory cortex
You’ve just touched a hot stove. What type of reflex did you experience? In what way was your brain involved in the reflex?
a. cranial; the somatosensory cortex
b. visceral; only tracts that respond to pain
c. complex; all the sensory tracts
d. spinal; it was advised later
Answer: d

4. a. flexes; stretch reflex b. adducts; tendon reflex
During a withdrawal reflex, the limb on the side opposite the stimulus _______. This response is called a _______.
a. flexes; stretch reflex
b. adducts; tendon reflex
c. extends; crossed extensor reflex
d. abducts; tendon reflex
Answer: c

5. c. a reverberation circuit d. avoidance feedback
Reflex responses usually remove or oppose the stimulus. Therefore, this type of reflexive response would be considered an example of ______.
a. a visceral reflex
b. negative feedback
c. a reverberation circuit
d. avoidance feedback
Answer: b

6. Into which structure would spinal anesthesia be administered?
a. dura mater
b. arachnoid mater
c. subarachnoid space
d. epidural space
Answer: c

7. Where is the cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord located?
a. central canal
b. subarachnoid space
c. above the dura mater
d. both A and B
Answer: d

8. Which of following is TRUE concerning the spinal cord?
a. The filum terminale is the end of the spinal cord and stabilizes the cord.
b. The conus medullaris is a strand of fibrous tissue that helps support the spinal cord.
c. The spinal cord of an adult ends between L1 and L2.
d. The amount of gray matter in the spinal cord is the least at the cervical and lumbar enlargements.
Answer: c

9. a. central nervous system b. peripheral nervous system
A patient has damage to several spinal nerves. Which of the major divisions of the nervous system has been damaged?
a. central nervous system
b. peripheral nervous system
c. autonomic nervous system
d. all of the above
Answer: b

10. Compression of which nerve bothers older people on long car rides?
a. sural nerve
b. sciatic nerve
c. femoral nerve
d. tibial nerve
Answer: b

11. Spinal nerves are classified as “mixed” nerves because:
a. they contain both afferent and efferent fibers.
b. they contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons that travel the dorsal and ventral ramus.
c. they carry mixed or conflicting information.
d. axons of the ventral root carry sensory information to the spinal cord and axons of the dorsal root control somatic and visceral effectors.
Answer: a

12. a. brachial; long thoracic b. cervical; phrenic
Injury to the _______ plexus would interfere with the ability to breathe. The ______ nerve is the major nerve of this plexus.
a. brachial; long thoracic
b. cervical; phrenic
c. cervical; long thoracic
d. brachial; pectoral
Answer: b