1. Chapter 12 – The Old South

2. Cotton Gin Led to Expansion of Slavery
Whitney's cotton gin made possible the wide-spread cultivation of cotton. The explosion of cotton cultivation further created an insatiable demand for labor, chaining the slave to the gin, and the planter to the slave. This, led to planters buying more slaves and land to grow still more cotton.

3. Year South's Slave Pop.
,121
,532
,103,700
,509,904
,983,860
,481,390
,200,364
,950,511
1793
1807

4. Antebellum South
Most Southern whites dreamed of buying a 1-2 slaves and becoming rich
Blacks in South were not allowed to learn to read because reading brought ideas and ideas brought discontent
Southern Planters regarded their slaves as investment property ... a form of wealth. As such they were generally cared for even more so than the hard working wage-earning Irish laborer.

5. Slavery

6. S L A V E R Y Terrible Unjust Barbaric Wrong Cruel Horrific Bondage
Inhumane
Captivity
Cruel
Horrific
Bondage
Brutal
Terrible

7. James Coles Bruce’s Louisiana Sugar Plantation Slave Inventory

8. Colonial Slave Revolts
NYC Revolt 27 Slaves Died
Stono River, S.C.
Jemmy & 20 slaves tried to flee to Spanish Florida; About 25 whites & about ~60-70 slaves died

9. Antebellum Slave Insurrections
Gabriel Prosser led a small revolt in Virg.
1811 – Charles Deslondes’ New Orleans Revolt
Denmark Vesey led a small revolt S. Car.
Nat Turner's Virginia Insurrection

11. Gabriel Prosser led a small revolt in Virginia in 1800
In 1800, a slave blacksmith named Gabriel on a plantation near Richmond, Virginia, hatched a revolt involving perhaps a thousand other slaves.
They planned to seize key points in the city, capture Gov. James Monroe, and overthrow the economic elite. Gabriel hoped the “poor white people” would join his effort to overthrow the wealthy Virginians. But it rained on the day Gabriel launched his rebellion and most of the insurgent slaves could not reach the meeting point. Amid the confusion someone alerted the sheriff. The sheriff’s posse captured Gabriel and his fellow conspirators. Gabriel and 26 of his fellow “soldiers” were hanged; 10 others were deported to the West Indies.

12. Gabriel Prosser led a small revolt in Virginia in 1800
In 1800, a slave blacksmith named Gabriel on a plantation near Richmond, Virginia, hatched a revolt involving perhaps a thousand other slaves.
They planned to seize key points in the city, capture Gov. James Monroe, and overthrow the economic elite. Gabriel hoped the “poor white people” would join his effort to overthrow the wealthy Virginians. But it rained on the day Gabriel launched his rebellion and most of the insurgent slaves could not reach the meeting point. Amid the confusion someone alerted the sheriff. The sheriff’s posse captured Gabriel and his fellow conspirators. Gabriel and 26 of his fellow “soldiers” were hanged; 10 others were deported to the West Indies.

13. Charles Deslondes’ New Orleans Revolt of 1811
In 1811 the largest slave revolt in American history occurred just north of New Orleans. Wealthy sugarcane planters in the region had acquired one of the densest populations of slaves in North America; they greatly outnumbered the local whites. On the evening of Jan 8, a group of armed slaves with axes, knives, and machetes broke into their master’s sugar plantation house along the Mississippi River. The planter was able to escape, but his son was hacked to death. The leader of the assault was Deslondes, a trusted mixed-race slave overseer responsible for supervising the field hands. Deslondes and his fellow slaves seized weapons, horses, and militia uniforms from the plantation and, bolstered by liquor and reinforced by more slaves, they headed toward New Orleans, burning houses and killing whites along the way. Over the next two days their ranks swelled to over two hundred. But their success was short-lived.

14. Angry whites mobilized to suppress the insurrection. U. S
Angry whites mobilized to suppress the insurrection. U.S. Army units and militia joined the effort. They surrounded and then assaulted the rebel slaves. Dozens of slaves were killed or wounded; most of those who fled were captured over the next week. “We made considerable slaughter,” reported one planter. Many of the imprisoned slaves were tortured and then executed.
Upon capture the militia chopped off each of Deslonde’s hands then shot him in the left thigh and then the right thigh multiple times breaking his legs in multiple places. Next, they shot him in his chest just above the heart so he wouldn’t die instantly. Finally, they tied him up and roasted him alive over a fire like an animal.
As many as a hundred slaves were killed and beheaded. Their severed heads were placed on poles along the Miss. River to strike fear into enslaved workers.

15. Charles Deslondes’ New Orleans Revolt of 1811
In 1811 the largest slave revolt in American history occurred just north of New Orleans. Wealthy sugarcane planters in the region had acquired one of the densest populations of slaves in North America; they greatly outnumbered the local whites. On the evening of Jan 8, a group of armed slaves with axes, knives, and machetes broke into their master’s sugar plantation house along the Mississippi River. The planter was able to escape, but his son was hacked to death. The leader of the assault was Deslondes, a trusted mixed-race slave overseer responsible for supervising the field hands. Deslondes and his fellow slaves seized weapons, horses, and militia uniforms from the plantation and, bolstered by liquor and reinforced by more slaves, they headed toward New Orleans, burning houses and killing whites along the way. Over the next two days their ranks swelled to over two hundred. But their success was short-lived.

16. Angry whites mobilized to suppress the insurrection. U. S
Angry whites mobilized to suppress the insurrection. U.S. Army units and militia joined the effort. They surrounded and then assaulted the rebel slaves. Dozens of slaves were killed or wounded; most of those who fled were captured over the next week. “We made considerable slaughter,” reported one planter. Many of the imprisoned slaves were tortured and then executed.
Upon capture the militia chopped off each of Deslonde’s hands then shot him in the left thigh and then the right thigh multiple times breaking his legs in multiple places. Next, they shot him in his chest just above the heart so he wouldn’t die instantly. Finally, they tied him up and roasted him alive over a fire like an animal.
As many as a hundred slaves were killed and beheaded. Their severed heads were placed on poles along the Miss. River to strike fear into enslaved workers.

17. Denmark Vesey led a small revolt S. Car. In 1822
The Denmark Vesey plot in Charleston involved a similar effort to assault the white population. The rebels planned to seize ships in the harbor, burn the city, and head for Haiti.
The Vesey plot, however, never got off the ground because word of the plan got out. Thirty five supposed slave rebels were executed, and 34 more were deported.
The city also responded by curtailing the liberties of free blacks.

18. Denmark Vesey led a small revolt S. Car. In 1822
The Denmark Vesey plot in Charleston involved a similar effort to assault the white population. The rebels planned to seize ships in the harbor, burn the city, and head for Haiti.
The Vesey plot, however, never got off the ground because word of the plan got out. Thirty five supposed slave rebels were executed, and 34 more were deported.
The city also responded by curtailing the liberties of free blacks.

19. Nat Turner's Virginia Insurrection of 1831
The Nat Turner insurrection of August 1831, in a rural area of Virginia where the enslaved blacks greatly outnumbered free whites, panicked whites throughout the South. Turner, a trusted black overseer, was also a self-anointed preacher who believed he had a divine mission in leading a slave rebellion. A solar eclipse in February 1831 convinced him that he was called to lead a slave revolt. The revolt began when a small group of slaves joined Turner in killing the adults, children, and infant in his owner’s household. They then set off down the road, repeating the process at other farm- houses, where other slaves joined in. Before it ended, fifty-seven whites had been killed, most of them women and children.

20. Nat Turner's Virginia Insurrection of 1831
Federal troops, Virginia militiamen, and volunteers indiscriminately killed many slaves in the process of putting down the rebels. A Virginia journalist said the behavior of the white vigilantes was comparable in “barbarity to the atrocities of the insurgents.” Seventeen slaves were hanged; several were decapitated and their severed heads placed on poles along the highway. Turner eluded capture for weeks. Once captured, he was tried, found guilty, and hanged. More than any other event, Nat Turner’s Rebellion terrified white southerners by making real the lurking fear that enslaved blacks might revolt. The Virginia legislature responded by restricting the ability of slaves to learn to read and write and to gather for religious meetings.

21. Nat Turner's Virginia Insurrection of 1831
The Nat Turner insurrection of August 1831, in a rural area of Virginia where the enslaved blacks greatly outnumbered free whites, panicked whites throughout the South. Turner, a trusted black overseer, was also a self-anointed preacher who believed he had a divine mission in leading a slave rebellion. A solar eclipse in February 1831 convinced him that he was called to lead a slave revolt. The revolt began when a small group of slaves joined Turner in killing the adults, children, and infant in his owner’s household. They then set off down the road, repeating the process at other farm houses, where other slaves joined in. Before it ended, 57 whites had been killed.

22. Nat Turner's Virginia Insurrection of 1831
Federal troops, Virginia militiamen, and volunteers indiscriminately killed many slaves in the process of putting down the rebels. A Virginia journalist said the behavior of the white vigilantes was comparable in “barbarity to the atrocities of the insurgents.” Seventeen slaves were hanged; several were decapitated and their severed heads placed on poles along the highway. Turner eluded capture for weeks. Once captured, Turner was tried, found guilty, and hanged. More than any other event, Nat Turner’s Rebellion terrified white southerners by making real the lurking fear that enslaved blacks might revolt. The Virginia legislature responded by restricting the ability of slaves to learn to read and write and to gather for religious meetings.

23. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY Massachusetts 1783 Slave Trade Act of 1807
Vermont Joined Union as Free State 1791
Slave Trade Act of 1807
Missouri Compromise of 1820
Compromise of 1850
Emancipation Proclamation 1863
13th A 1865