1. Monroe Doctrine and Missouri Compromise
EQ: Why is the Monroe Doctrine important, and what is meant by “Sectionalism”?

2. New Latin American countries were formed from successful revolutions.

3. monroe doctrine
MONROE DOCTRINE
Monroe felt that he had to respond to the threat that European countries might try to win back their former Latin American colonies.
Thus, Monroe proclaimed the fundamental policy that bears his name, Monroe Doctrine.
Monroe told Europe: You stay out of the West, and we’ll stay out of your squabbles.
The doctrine also claimed America’s right to intervene anywhere in its own hemisphere, if it felt its security was threatened
This was a policy of mutual noninterference

4. Western Hemisphere or the Americas.

5. No European country tried to intercede in the Americas following the Monroe Doctrine, so it appeared to work.
In reality, no one was afraid of the American military; Spain, France and others stayed out of the Western Hemisphere because the powerful British navy made sure they did.

6. MONROE DOCTRINE Referred to as America’s Self Defense Doctrine.
It is a continuation of President Washington’s neutrality and isolationist policies.
Past problems with Europe led the US to declare the Americas off-limits to Europe
US protector of new democracies in the Western Hemisphere
No European Colonization in the Americas
US recognized existing European Colonies
Responding to Russian territorial claims along the northern Pacific coast, and concerned that European nations would attempt to seize recently independent Latin American states, President James Monroe announced a new national policy. No new colonies would be allowed in the Americas, and European powers were not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. This mural depicts a discussion among the president and members of his cabinet; from left to right are President James Monroe, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, Attorney General William Wirt, Secretary of War John Calhoun, and Secretary of the Navy Samuel L. Southard.
Monroe Doctrine
US will stay out of European affairs

8. Spirit of Nationalism in US patriotism or national oneness
ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
1817 TO 1825
american system
Spirit of Nationalism in US
patriotism or national oneness
Country is united, confident, and growing
, 9 states joined the original 13.
One political party---Republican party
Respect from Europe
Monroe first president to visit all states.
Boston newspaper declared an “Era of Good Feelings” had began.
But, time period was not free of problems.

9. Not so good in the era of good feelings?
There was an economic depression
The country was dividing into three parts
Issue of slavery threatened the nation

10. ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
The Panic of 1819
Largely the fault of the Second Bank of the United States,’ it did not give out as much loans as before (tightened credit in an effort to control inflation)
Many state banks closed
There were large increases in unemployment, bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt
Depression was most severe in the West

11. SECTIONALISM
U.S. was becoming divided into 3 separate sections with each trying to promote their self-interest.
NORTHEAST
Business and Manufacturing Daniel Webster _______________
Wanted Tariffs
Backed internal improvements
End to cheap public land
Increasingly nationalistic
Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt. must abolish it.
SOUTH
Cotton-growing John C. Calhoun
_______________
Opposed tariffs and government spending on American System
Increasingly supportive of states’ rights
Pro-slavery and opposed any steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and abolish it.
WEST
Frontier agriculture Henry Clay
______________
Supported internal improvements and American System.
Wanted cheap land
Loyal to the U.S. Govt.
Against slavery but some supported letting the people decide the slavery issue
Economy Leader
____________
Role of Government

12. SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES
NORTHEAST
Business and Manufacturing Daniel Webster ____________
Wanted Tariffs
Backed internal improvements
Wanted end to cheap public land
Increasingly nationalistic
Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt. must abolish it.
Economy Leader
__________
Role of Government

13. SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES
SOUTH
Cotton growing
John C. Calhoun
____________
Opposed tariffs and government spending on American System
Increasingly supportive of states’ rights
Pro-slavery and opposed any steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and abolish it.
Economy Leader
__________
Role of Government

14. SECTIONAL DIFFERENCES Supported internal improvements
WEST
Frontier agriculture
Henry Clay
_____________
Supported internal improvements
Wanted cheap land
Loyal to the U.S. Govt.
Against slavery but some supported letting the people decide the slavery issue
Economy Leader
__________
Role of Government

15. The new period of expansion also resulted in a national debate over slavery
In 1820, the Union consisted of 22 states
11 allowed slavery, 11 prohibited it
When Missouri applied for statehood, it threatened the balance of power between the slave & non-slave states

16. MISSOURI COMPROMISE
After months of heated debate in Congress, Henry Clay won majority support for 3 bills that represented a compromise

17. The Missouri Compromise was created to appease both sides
(1) Admit Missouri as a slave state
(2) Carve off a piece of Massachusetts, called it Maine, & admitted Maine as a free state
(3) Establish the southern border of Missouri as the northernmost point in which slavery would then be allowed in the western territories of the US
About Maine: Because it was physically separated from the rest of Massachusetts (properly speaking, the Department of Maine was an exclave of Massachusetts) and because it was growing in population at a rapid rate, Maine became the 23rd state on March 15, 1820 as a component of the Missouri Compromise.

18. The compromise was the first in a series of measures forestalling the Civil War. It also split the powerful Democratic-Republican coalition, ending its 20-year control of national politics