1. Making the Peace

2. Find the cost of the other countries
55 Billion
50 Billion 25
Billion 31
Billion 60
Billion 21
Billion

3. Human Costs of the War Russia= 9.1 Million Casualties
Germany=7.1 Million Casualties
Austria-Hungary= 7 Million Casualties
France= 6 Million Casualties
Great Britain=3 Million Casualties
Italy= 2 Million Casualties
U.S.= .3 Million Casualties

4. Paris Peace Conference
Meeting of the victors in 1919
27 Nations: European & Asian
3 nations in control (U.S. France, & Britain)
Discuss Post War Goals:
War Reparations= Repaying cost of war
Self-Determination= Countries deciding government
Prevent further war= League of Nations

5. Conflicting Ideas Country Leader Treaty Ideas France Clemenceau
Weaken Germany
(limit armies)
Britain
Lloyd George
Money to repay war debt
U.S.
Woodrow Wilson
Prevent further war
Fourteen Pt Plan
Using the data we looked at previously, why would different allied nations have different ideas?

6. Conflicting Ideas Continued.
Country
Treaty Ideas
Germany
No control over stipulations
Austria

7. Treaty of Versailles
Forced Germany to accept official Blame for the war
Set reparations to 33 billion in (Equivalent to 2.7 trillion today)
Gave territories to Belgium, Denmark & Poland
All overseas colonies given to allied powers
Restricted the German military to 100,000
Forbade the manufacture of military equipment. Ex: Tanks & aircraft

8. Treaty of Versailles Continued
New self determined countries
Hungary
Poland
Yugoslavia
Czechoslovakia
Eliminated the Ottoman Empire

9. The League of Nations Idea by President Woodrow Wilson 40 nations
Negotiate disputes instead of fight.
Create international law
U.S. did not join

10. Political Geography Transition
Europe 1914
Europe 1920

11. Wilson’s 14 Points Speech to Congress January 8th, 1918
Purpose: To ensure the American people that the Great War was being fought for moral causes.
10 months before German Armistice
Had little to do with the Treaty of Versailles

12. 1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). 2
1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). 2. Free navigation of all seas. 3. An end to all economic barriers between countries. 4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. 5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial 6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop her own political set-up. 7. Belgium should be independent like before the war. 8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace- Lorraine 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to "alone” clearly recognizable lines of nationality." 10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria- Hungary. 11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan states. 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. 13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the sea. 14. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states.