2. I. In the 40 years after the defeat of the Persians, the Greek world came to be divided into two camps: Athens and Sparta.
A. Two very different societies, and neither was able to tolerate the other’s system.
B. This, plus tensions from the Delian League, led to the outbreak of war in 431 B.C.

3. Attack fields and villages on the Attic peninsula
A. Athens
B. Sparta
Knew could not win in pure combat
Strong Navy- colonies
Pericles decides to barricade inside walls of Athens and let Navy supply food from colonies.
Also attack Peloponnesian Coast and shipping
Idea is to wear Sparta down without fighting, then go to war with them
Attack fields and villages on the Attic peninsula
Destroy Athenian countryside in the hope of drawing the Athenian army out for open battle
Why?

6. Plague kills almost 1/3 of Athenian population, including Pericles.
War continues for 10 years until a truce signed in 421 B.C.
Until a nephew of Pericles, Alcibiades, took power and wanted war glory
War broke out again in 415 B.C.
Athenians decided to invade Sicily to get a supply base and attack Theban city of Syracuse (sympathetic to Sparta)
Massive defeat- many Athenians killed or sold into slavery

7. Athenian aristocrats seized power, but overthrown
Democracy restored
Internal strife weakened Athens
404 B.C. Athenian food supplies cut off by Sparta and Persians
405 B.C. Athenian fleet destroyed off Hellespont
Athens falls to Sparta and her allies
War lasted a total of 27 years