1. Early Aegean Civilization

2. Indus River Valley, Pakistan
Would You Rather…….
Indus River Valley, Pakistan
Island of Ithaca, Greece

3. The Greek City-States Ch. 4 (pp. 116 - 129)
Key Concept 2.1 The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions
Key Concept 2.2 The Development of States and Empires
Essential Question: What were the distinctive beliefs, philosophies, and arts of Greek civilization?

4. The Rise of the Greeks
Greek civilization arose in the lands around the Aegean Sea
Land around the Aegean was difficult to navigate
Sea travel become preferred method of commerce
Inspired by phoencians; myceneans + mionans

9. The Emergence of the Polis
Due to geographical isolation city-states (polis) developed in Greece, as opposed to a single centralized empire
Often shared many similarities
Ex. Basic religious tenets
Ex. Patriarchal social structures
Could also differ in terms of cultural, political, economic traits
Ex. Athens vs. Sparta

10. Rise of the City-State Polis A Direct Result of Geography
City & Surrounding Land; Home to 10,000 people or less
Fundamental political unit

12. The Persian Wars
Greek city-states often warred with one another, but unified in the 400s B.C.E. when they were attacked by the Persians
The Persian Wars
Greeks under the leadership of Athens defeated the Persians

13. The Athenian Empire
As a result of the Athenians success, Athens, in essence, became the center of the Greek Empire
Athens projected military power of its weaker neighbors
The Hellenic League (req. tribute payments)
Experienced a golden age of culture & commerce

14. GOLDEN AGE OF ATHENS Pericles – led Athens
Most democratic governments EVER
Strongest navy
Glorified Athens
How do you “GLORIFY” Athens?
Architecture, Art, and Drama

15. The Golden Age of Athens
Legal systems (law codes) & bureaucracies were created to control subjects
Ex. Athenian democracy

17. The Golden Age of Athens
Trade was promoted and currency was issued
Patriarchal social structures included classes such as slaves, artisans, merchants, elites, etc.

19. Classical Art Created figures that were perfectly formed
Graceful, strong
Faces only showed serenity
Portray ideal beauty, not realism

20. The Golden Age of Athens
Forms of artistic expression were developed that later influenced neighboring regions in later time periods
Ex. Greek plays

21. Drama Built the first theaters in the West Two kinds of drama
Tragedy – serious drama about love, hate, war
Comedy – crude humor or slapstick situations

26. The Golden Age of Athens
Distinctive architectural styles were developed
Marble or limestone
Decorated frieze
Columns supported by base

27. The Golden Age of Athens
The city of Athens itself served as:
Center for trade
A place for religious ceremonies
Hub of political administration

31. The Fall of the Greeks
Athens fell in 404 B.C.E. to the Spartans as a result of the inequality of imperial rule
Peloponnesian Wars
By 387 B.C.E., the Greeks were exhausted from civil war and were unable to prevent the Persians from reconquering most of Greece

32. Philosophers “Lovers of Wisdom”
Greek thinkers that questioned beliefs and ideas about justice and other values
Three important thinkers:
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle

33. Socrates Absolute standards did exist for truth and justice
Examine your beliefs
Many people have contradictory beliefs
“Socratic method”
“There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.”
Condemned to death – drank poison

34. Plato Student of Socrates Wrote The Republic
Ideal society – all citizens would fall naturally into three groups
Philosopher-king = person with greatest insight
Founded The Academy

35. Aristotle Student of Plato
Questioned the nature of the world and of human thought
Provides the basis of the Scientific Method
Founded the “Lyceum” school
Alexander the Great was his student