1. World History Thursday, 8 October 2009
Remember to write your agenda-also, get out pen/pencil and paper to take notes!
Notes: Athens and Sparta
Athens and Sparta reading
Tomorrow: Philosophy
Remember: Chapter 5 questions will be due Thursday, October 15

2. ATHENS AND SPARTA Persian War Peloponnesian War
ANCIENT GREECE
ATHENS AND SPARTA
Persian War
Peloponnesian War

3. EARLY GOVERNMENTS 1. Monarchy King/Queen – central power
Noble land owners
Military defenders
2. Aristocracy
Elite Landowners ruled
3. Oligarchy
Power rests with few
Minority rules majority

4. PHALANX Developed by Greeks Rectangular mass formation
Disciplined to hold the front line

5. PHALANX STRATAGY
Adapt line to weakness of enemies

6. ATHENS
Located in Attica
North of the Peloponnesus
700 BC – monarchy to aristocracy
Noble landowners held power

7. Demands for Change
Athenian wealth and power was growing
More and more discontent with commoners
Merchants/Soldiers wanted more rights
Hard times for Farmers
Sold off family members to pay off debt

8. SOLON
Elected by Aristocrats to avoid Civil War
Wise and trusted leader
Reforms
Outlawed debt slavery (594BC)
Opened high offices to more citizens
Gave Assembly more power
Governing body of officials

9. SOLON

10. Pisistratus
Seized power in 546 BC
Tyrant – gained power by force
Took land and power from commoners and gave it to Nobles
Weakened Aristocracy

11. Cleisthenes Came to power in 508 BC (defeated Hippias) Council of 500
Randomly chosen members
Proposed Laws
Counseled Assembly

12. Athens

13. SPARTA Education Sickly Newborns left to die Killed weak
7yrs old – began military training
20 yrs old – men could marry
30 yrs old – specialized training

14. Women
Expected to produce healthy sons
Exercised and strengthen bodies
Obeyed husbands and fathers, not so much
Could inherit property

15. Government
Assembly
Council of free men
Voted on major issues
Council of Elders
Proposed laws

16. Q&A Describe Phalanx Where is Athens located? Where is Sparta located?
What is an Assembly?
What is a Council of Elders?
Who was a tyrant of Athens?
Describe the education of Sparta
Describe the women’s role of Sparta

17. Olympia: Birthplace of the Olympics

18. PERSIAN WARS
King Leonidas

19. Persia
Greece
PERSIA
Ionia
IONIA
Greece
Peloponnesus

20. PERSIAN WARS Persian forces conquered Ionia (556BC)
A Greek Polis on the coast of Asia Minor
Aristagoras began democratic rebellion (499 BC)
Went to Sparta – Sparta denied help
Went to Athens – Athens promised 20 ships

21. Athenians sacked Sardis, capitol of Ionia
All other Polis in Asia Minor joined
Rebellion was defeated by Darius I
Darius I promises to make Athens pay role in Ionian rebellion
Darius I launches an attack on Athens (490 BC)

22. Battle of Marathon
Hippias – former Tyrant of Athens – exiled to Persia
Miltiades – former Persian soldier – lead an army for Athens
25,000 Persian soldiers
10,000 Athenian soldiers
Athenians use Phalanx formation

23. Athenians over matched Persian forces
Casualties
Persians – 6,400
Athenians - 192
Persian forces retreat and head for Athens
City of Athens was left defenseless

24. Pheidippides
Athens soldier
Sprints back to Athens to tell the city to hold on and fight
26 miles
He delivers message and dies
City holds off Persian army until Athenian army arrives
Persian army retreats

25. Battle of Thermopylae and Salamis
Xerxes is King of Persians
Persians controlled most of known world
Asia Minor
Ionia
Judah
Mesopotamia
Egypt

26. Thermopylae
480 BC
Xerxes sent ½ by land, ½ by sea (Army of over 1,000,000)
Narrow mountain pass
7,000 Greeks, 300 Spartans
Greeks held off Persians for 3 days

27. Greek Traitor, Ephilates, told Xerxes about secret path around the cliffs
300 Spartans tried to hold Xerxes off while rest of Greeks retreated
All Spartans were killed

28. Salamis Themistocles Athenian statesman
Convinced Athenians to evacuate and fight at sea
Battled Persian ships off coast of Salamis
Greeks used ships as battling rams
Greeks defeated 1/3 of Persian navy

30. PELOPONNESIAN WAR Athens vs. Sparta
Athens – democratic – Delian League
Sparta – Militaristic – Peloponnesian League
Bitter rivalry – both wanting to be best league in Greece

31. Athens had best Navy in Greece
Sparta was too deep into land for Athens Navy to be effective
Sparta had best Army in Greece
Pericles
Leader of Athens
Knew he could not defeat Spartan’s army
Barricaded Athens population inside City walls to battle Sparta
Plague broke out and killed 2/3s of Athens army

32. Q&A 1. Why did Athens fight for Ionia?
2. Describe the Battle of Marathon
3. Describe the Battle of Thermopylae
4. Describe the Battle of Salamis
5. How was Athens defeated in the Peloponnesian War? (2)