1. Working with Analogies

2. Analogies test your ability to:
Recognize the relationship between the words in a word pair
Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships

3. To complete an analogy you must be able to:
Select the answer containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way

4. Analogies look like this:
Up: Down ::Over: Under
Analogies sound like this:
Up is to Down as Over is to Under

5. Analogy types: Synonyms/antonyms Part to Whole or Whole to Part
Function/Use, Worker/Tool, Doer/Action
Category/Type

6. Analogy types: Degree (size or intensity)
Grammatical Relationship or Spelling
Cause to effect (or effect to cause)
Object to function

7. Synonyms: Infant: Baby::Grown-Up: ______?
Infant: Baby::Grown-Up: Adult
Grown-Up -ADULT
Full - EMPTY
Branch - TREE
Carrot -VEGTABLE
Heat - BOIL
Cool -FRIGID
Oven - BAKE

8. Antonyms: Big: Small::Full:_______? Big: Small::Full: Empty
Grown-Up -ADULT
Full - EMPTY
Branch - TREE
Carrot -VEGTABLE
Heat - BOIL
Cool -FRIGID
Oven - BAKE
Big: Small::Full: Empty

9. Part to Whole: Wheel: Car::Branch:_______? Wheel: Car::Branch: Tree
Grown-Up -ADULT
Full - EMPTY
Branch - TREE
Carrot -VEGTABLE
Heat - BOIL
Cool -FRIGID
Oven - BAKE

10. Function/Use (Object/ Function):
Truck: Transport::Oven:______?
Truck: Transport::Oven: bake
Grown-Up -ADULT
Full - EMPTY
Branch - TREE
Carrot -VEGTABLE
Heat - BOIL
Cool -FRIGID
Oven - BAKE

11. Category/Type: Apple: Fruit::Carrot:_______?
Grown-Up -ADULT
Full - EMPTY
Branch - TREE
Carrot -VEGTABLE
Heat - BOIL
Cool -FRIGID
Oven - BAKE
Apple: Fruit::Carrot: Vegetable

12. Degree (size/intensity):
Warm: Hot::Cool:______?
Warm: Hot::Cool: Frigid
Grown-Up -ADULT
Full - EMPTY
Branch - TREE
Carrot -VEGTABLE
Heat - BOIL
Cool -FRIGID
Oven - BAKE

13. Cause-Effect: Sliver: Pain::Heat:__________ Sliver: Pain::Heat: Boil
Grown-Up -ADULT
Full - EMPTY
Branch - TREE
Carrot -VEGTABLE
Heat - BOIL
Cool -FRIGID
Oven - BAKE

14. Sequence: Early: late :: dawn : _________
Early : late :: dawn : twilight

15. Can you identify the relationship?
PLATOON:SOLDIER
HOT:SCALDING
STARVATION:BINGING
GILLS:BREATHING
PERSUASIVE:CONVINCING
SOCCER:SPORT
Synonyms or antonyms
Part to whole
Category/Type
Cause-effect (or effect to cause)
Degree (size or intensity)
Function/Use (Object/function)
Let’s practice recognizing relationships.
Part to whole - the second word (solider) is part of the first word (platoon)
Varying degree - the first word (hot) is the extreme of the second word (scalding)
Antonym
Object to function - gills are used to breathe
Synonym -someone who is persuasive is also convincing
Member to category- soccer is a type of sport

16. Can you identify the relationship?b
PLATOON:SOLDIER
HOT:SCALDING
STARVATION:BINGING
GILLS:BREATHING
PERSUASIVE:CONVINCING
SOCCER:SPORT
Synonyms or antonyms
Part to whole
Category/Type
Cause-effect (or effect to cause)
Degree (size or intensity)
Function/Use (Object/function) e a f a
Let’s practice recognizing relationships.
Part to whole - the second word (solider) is part of the first word (platoon)
Varying degree - the first word (hot) is the extreme of the second word (scalding)
Antonym
Object to function - gills are used to breathe
Synonym -someone who is persuasive is also convincing
Member to category- soccer is a type of sport c

17. Helpful Hints:
Determine relationship between the words in the given pair
antonyms? synonyms? sequence? degree?
cause-effect? function? category?

18. Helpful Hints:
2. Choose the answer that has a similar relationship and can be expressed in a similar manner

19. Example APPLE : FRUIT :: Salad : Mix Orange: Banana Juice : Can
Slice : Core
Butterfly: Insect
Make a sentence that shows the relationship between apple and fruit. How about “An apple is a type of fruit.”
Test that sentence by going through all five answers choices, replacing apple & fruit with the different pairs of words.
Only one pair fits the sentence. Answer E: A butterfly s a type of insect.

20. Example Butterfly: Insect APPLE : FRUIT :: Salad : Mix Orange: Banana
Juice : Can
Slice : Core
Butterfly: Insect
Make a sentence that shows the relationship between apple and fruit. How about “An apple is a type of fruit.”
Test that sentence by going through all five answers choices, replacing apple & fruit with the different pairs of words.
Only one pair fits the sentence. Answer E: A carrot is a type of vegetable.

21. Example PEN : WRITE :: Pencil : Sharpen Ink : Blue Letter : Compose
Knife : Cut
Mistake : Erase
Too specific sentence - I once had a pen that my dog chewed but it still wrote in different colors. - sentence is too long, too specific.
Too general: A pen is a thing and to write is an action. Sentence is too vague. It describes each word individually and not the relationship of the words. Lots of very different pairs of words could fit from this sentence.

22. Example Knife : Cut PEN : WRITE :: Pencil : Sharpen Ink : Blue
Letter : Compose
Knife : Cut
Mistake : Erase
Too specific sentence - I once had a pen that my dog chewed but it still wrote in different colors. - sentence is too long, too specific.
Too general: A pen is a thing and to write is an action. Sentence is too vague. It describes each word individually and not the relationship of the words. Lots of very different pairs of words could fit from this sentence.

23. Helpful Hints Part II: Pay attention to Remember –
the order of the words in the pair
the parts of speech
Remember –
single word can have different meanings
read all possible answers before deciding on the best answer

24. Practice
Large : Big:: A. Remember : Forget B. Triumph: Success C. Nostril : Smell D. Audio : Hear E. Glasses : See

25. Practice B. Triumph: Success Large : Big:: A. Remember : Forget
C. Nostril : Smell
D. Audio : Hear
E. Glasses : See

26. Practice
Bat : Hitter A. Score: Win B. Walk : Run C. Mars : Venus D. Stick : Hockey Player E. Basketball: Hoop

27. Practice D. Stick : Hockey Player Bat : Hitter A. Score: Win
B. Walk : Run
C. Mars : Venus
D. Stick : Hockey Player
E. Basketball: Hoop

28. Practice
Come : Came:: A. Walk : Walking B. Ride : Rode C. Left : Arrived D. Did : Had Done E. See : Seen

29. B. Ride : Rode Practice Come : Came:: A. Walk : Walking
C. Left : Arrived
D. Did : Had Done
E. See : Seen