1. Major Topics of Comparative Government and Politics
Big Ben, London, England
Photo Copyright:
Kelly Walker 2009

2. Major Topics Democratization Liberalization of the Economy
Revival of Ethnic or Cultural Politics
Globalization
Beijing, China
Photo Copyright: Kelly Walker 2009

3. Democratization Liberal Democracies: Competitive Elections
(open, free, and fair)
Ensure Civil Liberties
Maintain a Rule of Law
An open civil society
Civilian Control of the Military
Neutrality of the Judiciary
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4. Democratization Illiberal Democracies are missing: Civil Liberties
Rule of Law
An Open Civil Society
Civilian Control of the Military
Neutrality of the Judiciary
Illiberal democracies will often have open, free, and fair elections
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5. Democratization Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations
Three waves of Democratization:
First Wave: Developed gradually
Second Wave: Developed after WWII-1960’s (De-colonization)
Third Wave: 1960’s to the present
(Fall of the Berlin Wall)
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6. Democratization Several Factors for Democratization (Huntington):
Emphasis on Human Rights
Loss of Legitimacy from authoritarian regimes
Expansion of an urban middle class
Snowball Effect: When one country in a region becomes democratic, others will follow
Greatest Obstacle
to Democratization?
Poverty
Xi’an, China
Photo Copyright: Kelly Walker 2009

7. Liberalization of the Economy
3 types of Economies:
Command Economies: Centralized planning/ state ownership
Pure Market Economy: Individuals own the factors of production
Mixed Economy: A combination of economies which allows some control by the government
Market in Beijing, China
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8. Liberalization of the Economy
Characteristics:
Moves away from strong regulation, state ownership, and central planning
Privatization occurs
Social justice compromised
Anshun, China
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9. Revival of Ethnic or Cultural Politics
Huntington: Conflicts based on culture, not economic or ideological
West
Orthodox World (Russia)
Islamic Countries Mosque, Xi’an, China
Latin America
Africa
The Hindu World
The Confucian World
The Buddhist World
Japan
Buddhist Temple, Beijing, China
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10. Revival of Ethnic or Cultural Politics
Fragmentation: Divisions based on ethnic or cultural identity
Nationalism: identities based on nationhood
Politicization of Religion
Yunshantun, Bazhai Village, China
Photo Copyright: Kelly Walker, 2009

11. Globalization “Catch phrase” How International Economic Social
Cultural
Technological
forces affect events inside individual nations
(Causation)
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12. Globalization The big question?
How will the process of globalization promote a worldwide diffusion of opportunity equitably?
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13. Globalization Fosters:
new applications of information technology (internet)
Erodes the boundaries between local and global (cultures change)
Instantaneous communication.
(links producers, consumers, etc.)
New forms of international governance
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14. Globalization Problems: Many nations cannot “compete”
Dangers to the environment
Pandemics
Job Insecurity
Countries may no
longer control their destinies
Beijing International Airport
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15. Major Topics for Comparative Government and Politics Last Slide
Beijing, China
Photo Copyright: Kelly Walker, 2009