1. Cold War
Chapter 18 Section 1

2. Clashing Soviet Union and United States Rival superpowers after war
Became more suspicious of each other
Bitter rivalry begins
Stalin angry
U.S. did not attack Europe quick enough
Secret of the Atomic Bomb

3. Soviet Union Communism
The state controlled all property and economic activity
Totalitarian government with no opposing parties

4. United States Capitalism
Private citizens controlled almost all economic activity
Voting by the people elected a president and a congress from competing political parties

5. United Nations April 25, 1945 50 nations San Francisco
2 months of debate
Hopes for world peace
Peace keeping body
Became an area in which the two superpowers competed
Forum to spread their influence over others

6. Potsdam Conference July 1945 Germany Take reparations from own
occupation zones
Final wartime conference
Spreading of democracy
Right to self determination (each country could chose what type of gov. they wanted)
U.S./ Soviet Union very powerful
Enormous economic / military strength

7. United States Industry bombed during the war
Continue growing the U.S wanted to have access to the raw materials that were in Eastern Europe
Also wanted to be able to sell goods to Eastern European countries

8. Soviet Union
Emerged from the war as a nation of enormous economic and military strength
They had suffered heavily from the war
Deaths
20+ million
½ were civilians
They felt justified in their claims in Eastern Europe
Communist installments were in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Poland
These nations will be known as the Satellite Nations
By dominating they could stop any future invasion

9. Containment Truman felt it was time to stop “babysitting the Soviets”
1946- George F. Kennan proposed a policy of containment
American diplomat in Moscow
His policy was taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries
This policy guided Truman’s administration foreign policy

10. “Iron Curtain” Europe was mostly divided into two political regions
Democratic Western Europe
Communist Eastern Europe
“Iron Curtain” came to stand for this division

11. European goals for U.S. and Soviet Union
Let all countries decide what they want to be
Gain access to raw materials
Rebuild European gov. so U.S. could trade with them
Reunite Germany
Soviets
Establish communism
Control eastern Europe to keep U.S. influence out
Keep Germany divided and weak

12. Cold War Cold war: 1945-1991 Would dominate global affairs
Conflicting U.S and Soviet aims in Eastern Europe
Never directly confronting each other
No shot ever fired
End with Soviet Unions break up

13. Truman Doctrine
Giving aid to countries who where threatened to be taken over
Economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey
Asked congress for $400 million dollars
Truman stated that
“It must be the policy of the U.S. to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”

14. Marshall Plan George Marshall Secretary of State June 1947
Provide aid to all European nations that needed it
Europe was in chaos
Aftermath of WWII
Helped the economy it Western Europe
1952- Western Europe was flourishing and the Communist party had lost much of it’s appeal to voters

15. Germany Split into 4 zones
Britain, France, and the United States combined their three zones
Western Berlin was occupied by the French
Soviets surrounded Berlin
They had no written agreement with the Soviets guaranteeing free access to Berlin by road or rail
Stalin wants all of Berlin
1948 he closed all highway and rail routes into Western Berlin
No fuel or food could reach the West Berlin
Residents of the city only had food to last for 5 weeks

18. Berlin Airlift Fly food and supplies into Western Berlin
327 days planes took off every few minutes around the clock
227,00 flights
2.3 million tons of supplies
Food, fuel, medicine
Christmas presents
Western Berlin survived because of the airlift
1949 Soviets lifted the blockade

20. NATO
Berlin blockade increased Western Europeans fear of Soviet Unions Aggression
Many Western European nations allied with the United States and Canada
Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal
First time in history the U.S had entered into a military alliance with other nations during peacetime
Cold war would end any hope that the United States would return to isolationism
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
April 4,1949
NATO
Defensive military alliance
500,000 thousand troops and thousands of planes, tanks and other equipment