1. Demographic Transition
SOC 370: Social Change
Dr. Kimberly Martin

2. What is Demography?
Demographics = the study of population characteristics
Demographics studies factors like:
Size
Birth rates
Morbidity rates
Mortality rates
Geographical distribution
Marriage patterns
Migration patterns

3. World Population 10,000 BC – 2000 AD

4. Demography and Development
There is a very clear demographic pattern that accompanies economic development from traditional (peripheral) societies to industrialized (core) societies
Four stages
Pre-Modern = Traditional societies with stable populations
Modernizing = Beginning industrial and urbanization societies see a sharp population increase
Modern = Industrialized societies have sharp population increases that level off after they have achieved full industrialization
Post-Modern = post industrial societies population size is stable

6. Stage One Profile: Angola

7. Demographic Pyramids: Four Stages of DTR
Each pyramid is a snapshot of what a population looks like at a specific moment in time

8. The Value of Children
As the value of children declines, people generally have fewer children.
As the cost of raising a successful child goes up, people generally have fewer children.
The better educated women are, the fewer children they generally have.

9. Factors Affecting Fertility Rates
Pronatalist policies and antinatalist policies from government
Existing age-sex structure
Availability of family planning services
Social and religious beliefs - especially in relation to contraception and abortion
Female literacy levels
Economic prosperity (although in theory when the economy is doing well families can afford to have more children in practice the higher the economic prosperity the lower the birth rate).
Poverty levels – children can be seen as an economic resource in developing countries as they can earn money.
Infant Mortality Rate – a family may have more children if a country's IMR is high as it is likely some of those children will die.
Urbanization
Typical age of marriage
Pension availability
Conflict

10. Study Guide Demographics Demographic transition Demographic Profile
Value of children