1. Improving animal and public health by a continuous upgrade of Veterinary Services worldwide
EU Veterinary Week 2008
Animal + Humans = One health
Brussels, 10 November 2008
Bernard Vallat
Director General

2. Outline The Global Public Good concept
The One World One Health (OWOH) concept
The Good governance concept
The PVS - Achievements
The lessons learned from avian influenza crisis
The way forward

3. Trends in Global Population70 65 60 55
1950 75 80 85 90 95
2000 05 10 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Billions
Total
Global Population:
Source: US Bureau of the Census
Less developed countries
More developed countries
Source : Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta

4. Last year, over 21 billion food animals were produced to help feed a population of over 6 billion people.
Projections toward 2020 indicate that the demand for animal protein will increase by 50%, especially in developing countries.
Source : Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta

5. Abundant and safe high quality food always begins with healthy animals
Animal health is a key component of animal welfare

6. Animal health is a key component of food security and food safety
1 billion poor farmers survive thank to livestock
Impact of animal diseases on animal production worldwide exceed 20%
Strong links between animal health, food security and public health
Animal proteins are crucial for humans
Global intensification of animal production

7. The Global Public Good Concept
Global public goods are goods whose benefits extend to all countries, people and generations.

8. The Global Public Good Concept
In the case of control and eradication of infectious diseases, the benefits are international and inter­generational in scope.
Countries depend on each other
Inadequate action by a single country can jeopardize others
Failure of one country may endanger the planet.

9. The Global Public Good Concept
Animal health systems are a Global Public Good

10. The concept of “One World-One Health” (OWOH)
A global strategy for preventing and managing risks at the human-animal interface

11. International engagement on the concept of OWOH
Our global partners:
- FAO
- WHO
- OIE
- UNICEF
- World Bank
- UNSIC

12. Main benefits linked with improvement of animal health systems
Control of animal diseases contributes to:
Food Security
Public Health: zoonoses, food safety
Market Access: local, regional and international
Poverty Alleviation
Securing assets (animal capital)
Increasing productivity and food production
- Animal welfare

13. There is no where in the world from which we are remote and no one from whom we are disconnected
PNAS, 2004

14. Nowadays pathogens are transported around the world faster than the average incubation time of most epizootics.

15. Annual Global Trade in Exotic Animals
4 million birds
640,000 reptiles
40,000 primates
Illegal trade unknown – estimate $4-6 billion

17. The concept of exotic diseases will disappear
Scrap tires being dumped for “bank stabilization” at undisclosed location. Photo by Don Eliason, CDC.
The concept of exotic diseases will disappear

18. Zoonotic potential of animal pathogens
60% of human pathogens are zoonotic
75% of emerging diseases are zoonotic
80% of agents having a potential bioterrorist use are zoonotic pathogens

19. The Good Governance concept of Veterinary Services
Requirements for all countries
Need for appropriate legislation and implementation through national animal health systems providing for:
Appropriate surveillance, early detection, Transparency, Notification
Rapid response to animal disease outbreaks
Biosecurity
Compensation
Vaccination when appropriate

20. Good Governance of Veterinary Services
Key elements:
Building and maintaining efficient epidemiosurveillance networks and territorial meshing in the entire national territory,
A responsibility of Governments
Alliances between public and private sectors
Concept and standards of ‘Quality of Services’ adopted by all OIE Members
If needed, use of the global OIE evaluation tool (PVS)

21. Immediate notification on OIE Listed disease / infection
WAHIS – Secure Access system
OIE Listed disease
Non OIE listed disease
New Disease / Infection
Unusual epidemiological event
Emerging disease
Immediate notification
Early warning
Follow-up reports
WAHIS
Database
Final report
Six-monthly report
on OIE Listed disease / infection
absent or present
Monitoring
Annual report
Web interface
WAHID

22. 66 countries already evaluated by the OIE on a volontary basis
The OIE-PVS Tool
Evaluation of the Performance of Veterinary Services
a tool for Good Governance of Veterinary Services
66 countries already evaluated by the OIE on a volontary basis

23. OIE-PVS Assessment Procedure
Official request from the Country
Proposal of dates and PVS Expert Team
Acceptance by the Country
Preparation of the mission between country and Team Leader
PVS Mission / visit to the country
Evaluation and dialogue

24. OIE-PVS Assessment Procedure (ctd)
Draft PVS country report
OIE independent Peer Review
Final PVS Country report
Acceptance by the country of the report
Authorization (from MC) to release the report
Average: 6 months

25. OIE-PVS Next Steps After PVS evaluations… Next steps:
PVS gap analysis process; and
preparation of priority investment projects for funding requests (in collaboration with Governments, partners and potential donors);
OIE PVS Follow Up missions (1-2 years after 1st mission)

26. PVS Evaluation Missions – (as at 9 September 2008)
REGION
Official requests
from countries
Missions completed
Gap Analysis requests
AFRICA 36 32 8
AFRICA (36): Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Côte D’Ivoire, Congo (DR), Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Swaziland, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Rwanda, Zambia.
Highlighted in green: Completed missions
Most of the rest of missions are planned until the end of the year 2008. 26

27. PVS Evaluation Missions – (as at 9 September 2008)
REGION
Official requests
from countries
Missions completed
Gap Analysis requests
AMERICAS 15 10 4
AMERICAS (15): Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay.
Highlighted in green: Completed missions.
Most of the rest of missions are planned until the end of the year 2008. 27

28. PVS Evaluation Missions – (as at 9 September 2008)
REGION
Official requests
from countries
Missions completed
Gap Analysis requests
ASIA/PACIFIC 13 10 2
ASIA/PACIFIC (13): Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, Fiji, Indonesia, Korea (PDR), Lao, Mongolia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam.
Highlighted in green: Completed missions.
Most of the rest of missions are planned until the end of the year 2008. 28

29. PVS Evaluation Missions – (as at 9 September 2008)
REGION
Official requests
from countries
Missions completed
Gap Analysis requests
EUROPE 11 9 3
EUROPE (9): Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Romania, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Bulgaria, Tajikistan.
Highlighted in green: Completed missions
Most of the rest of missions are planned until the end of the year 2008. 29

30. PVS Evaluation Missions – (as at 9 September 2008)
REGION
Official requests
from countries
Missions completed
Gap Analysis requests
MIDDLE EAST 12 6 2
MIDDLE EAST (11): Bahrein, Jordan, Lebanon, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Nat. Authority of Palestine, Oman, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Afghanistan
Highlighted in green: Completed missions.
Most of the rest of missions are planned until the end of the year 2008. 30

31. PVS Evaluation Missions – (as at 9 September 2008)
REGION
Official requests
from countries
Missions completed
Gap Analysis requests
TOTAL 87 66 19
Objective: 120 Countries 31

32. Delayed detection and response have led to entrenched disease
AVIAN INFLUENZA GLOBAL CRISIS: SOME IMPORTANT LESSONS THAT HAVE BEEN LEARNT
Early detection and rapid response have prevented establishment of disease in most of the infected countries
Delayed detection and response have led to entrenched disease
Appropriate legislation and adequate resources for its efficient implementation (Good Governance) is crucial
Efficient national chain of command is essential as well as incentives to poultry owners
Most countries have been able to jump on the disease quickly and control it. Been easier where veterinary services have been well resourced and organized. Good VS – better surveillance – earlier detection – more effective control. Need to communicate good awareness of signs and have good reporting mechanism for disease suspicion and access to good laboratory tests to confirm disease.
Delayed detection – disease spreads undetected. End up chasing disease.
People need to know who is responsible for what, who to report to. Ensures coordinated response and more effective use of resources with authority making decisions

33. POSITIVE TRENDS
Less outbreaks in domestic poultry in most newly infected countries
Countries are able to detect and resolve outbreaks quicker
Species other than wild birds and poultry have not yet been involved in the transboundary spread of the virus
Decrease in wild birds
Availability of international funds
Political will to improve governance complying with international standards and to develop capacity building
No human cases without animal outbreaks present
Tend to be less outbreaks in newly affected countries so indicates that it isn’t spreading as effectively. May be a result of more rapid disease detection (awareness) and better biosecurity
Generally the response to outbreaks, following detection, appears to be better
International funds have been made available.

34. NEXT STEPS
Consolidation of programmes under development. More investments in Veterinary Services (in both public and private components)
Horizontal approach
OWOH Concept
Importance of initial and continuous training
Tend to be less outbreaks in newly affected countries so indicates that it isn’t spreading as effectively. May be a result of more rapid disease detection (awareness) and better biosecurity
Generally the response to outbreaks, following detection, appears to be better
International funds have been made available.

35. Thank you for your attention
Organisation mondiale de la santé animale
World Organisation for Animal Health
Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal
12 rue de Prony, Paris, France - –