1. 3-3 South Carolina’s Important Role in the American Revolution and in the Development of a New Nation Standard 3-3: I will demonstrate an understanding of the American Revolution and South Carolina’s role in the development of the new American nation.

2. I will…….. Analyze the causes of the American Revolution – including Britain’s passage of the Tea Act, the Intolerable Acts, the rebellion of the colonists, and the Declaration of Independence – and South Carolina’s role in these events.

3. Great Britain thought that the colonies needed to help pay for expenses related to the protection of the colonies during the French and Indian War. Colonists had been paying taxes for a long time on imported goods in order to control trade. However, the colonists believed that only their colony had the right to tax them.

4. The Stamp Act was the first tax that Great Britain placed on the colonies and was placed on such items such as newspapers, playing cards, and legal documents. Colonists responded with the rallying cry “no taxation without representation.” (The colonies had no representation in the British Parliament but they were represented in their own colonial governments.)

5. Colonists’ protests included a boycott of British goods which led to the repeal (end) of the Stamp Act.

6. The Tea Act was the next big problem for colonists
The Tea Act was the next big problem for colonists. The Tea Act was not a tax. Because of the Tea Act, colonists boycotted (refused to buy) tea as a protest against an earlier tax.

7. The Tea Act allowed the tea company to have a monopoly on the tea trade and therefore they only provided cheap tea to the colonists. When the British shipped this cheap tea to the colonies, colonial leaders feared that colonists would be tempted to buy it. They did not want colonists to buy it, so they had tea parties – but these were NOT your normal tea parties…...

8. Both Boston, Massachusetts and Charleston, South Carolina had these “tea parties.” In Boston, colonists boarded English ships and threw the tea overboard. This was called the Boston Tea Party. In Charles Towne, the tea was stored in a warehouse and not allowed to be sold.

9. Angry over the tea party in Boston, England passed laws to punish Boston. The colonists called these laws the Intolerable Acts. The laws closed the port of Boston so that goods could not be shipped in or out. These acts also took the right to self government away from the people of Massachusetts by dissolving their colonial government.

10. In response to the Intolerable Acts, the colonists met together in a congress - the First Continental Congress - and sent a letter to the King of England pledging their loyalty, but stating that they were not happy with the British acts. Meanwhile, South Carolinians sent the Bostonians rice and money to help them survive the closing of their port.

11. The First Continental Congress advised the colonies to establish militias and arm themselves. They also started another boycott of trade with Great Britain. British troops in Boston, hearing that the people of Lexington and Concord had arms and ammunition, marched to those towns.

12. Shots were fired and the Revolutionary War began
Shots were fired and the Revolutionary War began. British troops were chased back to Boston and the city was surrounded by American militiamen.

13. The Continental Army’s flag. (the colonists)

14. Britain’s Flag (England’s army)

15. Second Continental Congress.
Representatives of the colonies met again in the
Second Continental Congress.
They named George Washington as Commander of the newly formed Continental Army.

16. The King of England declared that the colonies were in a state of rebellion. Soon the British troops and the new Continental Army were fighting for control of the colonies.

17. In July of 1776, the Second Continental Congress issued a declaration establishing the United States of America. This Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson and stated the reasons why the colonies should be free and independent states.

18. It said “all men are created equal” and have the right to “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” It listed all of the reasons that the colonies had the right to declare their independence. Men from South Carolina signed the Declaration of Independence.

19. In summary, Great Britain wanted to tax the colonists although the colonists didn’t feel that England was using the money to help the colonies. The Tea Act caused the colonists to begin to rebel against England. England then punished the colonies by passing the Intolerable Acts. The colonists formed the First Continental Congress which decided to form a militia….and the Revolutionary War began. Then, the Second Continental Congress chose George Washington to lead their military. In 1776 Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence stating the need for the colonists to be free from England.

20. I will….. summarize the key conflicts and key leaders of the American Revolution in South Carolina and their effects on the state, including * the occupation of Charleston by the British; * the partisan warfare of Thomas Sumter, Andrew Pickens, and Francis Marion; and * the battles of Cowpens and Kings Mountain.

21. SOUTH CAROLINA: Fighting for America’s Freedom

22. SOUTH CAROLINA: TIME LINE MOMENTS

23. The Fall of Charleston
The British blockaded Charles Town Harbor in Spring 1780.
British soldiers surrounded the land around the city.

24. They hoped they could find some loyalists (people who were still loyal to the King) to help them fight. Patriots were people who were against British rule and wanted the colonies to be the United States of America.

25. The British blockaded Charles Towne by land and sea and the city eventually fell to the British.

26. When the British occupied Charles Towne, they forced the men to sign an oath of loyalty to England. (This meant that the men would support England. Most men signed this oath.)

27. THEN the British tried to force the men in Charles Towne to fight for England. Many men refused to do this, escaped from Charles Towne and rejoined the Continental Army (who were fighting for America).

28. Because the British soldiers used harsh war tactics, many South Carolinians formed militias to help the Continental Army. They used different war tactics that are called partisan warfare.

29. The Fall of Charleston
After 42 days, the city surrendered in May of 1780.
Forces remained in Charles Town until December of 1782.
Continental Frigate Boston ( )
Boston, a 514-ton 24-gun frigate, was built at Newburyport, Massachusetts, as part of the effort by the American colonies to create a seagoing navy. Completed in 1777, in May of that year she began a North Atlantic cruise in company with the frigate Hancock. In addition to making prizes of two merchant vessels, they captured the British 28-gun frigate Fox on 7 June. A month later, Boston was able to escape when Hancock and Fox were taken by a stronger enemy squadron. In February and March 1778 she transported American envoy John Adams to France, then remained in European waters raiding British commerce. She returned to the Colonies in October. The following year Boston operated in the North Atlantic, taking several prizes during cruises in July-September and November-December. In 1780 she took part in the defense of Charleston, South Carolina, and was captured there by the British 12 May. Renamed Charleston, she served in the Royal Navy until March 1783, when she was sold for breaking up.

30. The British marched up from Charles Towne through South Carolina trying to force people to fight for England. Most men were not afraid of the British and escaped to North Carolina and Tennessee to gather more men to fight for America.

31. The American soldiers (called the Patriots) re-entered South Carolina and fought the British at the Battle of King’s Mountain.

32. The British tried to surrender, but the Patriots would not let them
The British tried to surrender, but the Patriots would not let them. Many of the British soldiers were killed. Kings Mountain was a bad loss for the British and was a turning point in the war.

33. The Battle of King’s Mountain October 7, 1780
The British continued their march into the backcountry.
Patriots from South Carolina, North Carolina, and Tennessee joined to fight the British at King’s Mountain.

34. The Battle of King’s Mountain October 7, 1780
These “mountain men” defeated the British on October 7, 1780.
Image Title
:  Battle of King's Mountain.
Creator
: Delâtre, Auguste,   -- Engraver
Created Date
: [1794]
Depicted Date
: [1780]
Medium
: Engravings

35. The Patriots defeated the British again at the Battle of Cowpens (our Cowpens!) The American militia, lead by Andrew Pickens, tricked the British into thinking they were retreating because they were afraid.

36. However, when the British soldiers began to chase the American militia who were pretending to run away, they were led straight to American soldiers who were hidden and had surrounded them. Because they had no place to run or hide, the British were defeated.

37. The Battle of Cowpens January 17, 1781
With the help of Andrew Pickens, General Daniel Morgan was able to set a trap for the British.

38. The Battle of Cowpens January 17, 1781
The Patriots surrounded the British and won after a battle that lasted about one hour.
The battle left the British army very weak.

39. Some important men who used partisan warfare (hit and run) tactics: Thomas Sumter Francis Marion Andrew Pickens

40. SOUTH CAROLINA PROFILES

41. Thomas Sumter
Was especially important after the city of Charles Town fell to the British.
Led his Patriot militia on many surprise attacks against the British.
Disrupted British supply lines and communication.

42. Thomas Sumter
Inspired many other Patriots to continue fighting
Earned the nickname
“The Gamecock”
Served as a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator

43. Francis Marion c
Learned about the swamps and rivers of the low country as a young boy
Fought under William Moultrie at the Battle of Sullivan’s Island
Was known for his surprise attacks against British camps and patrols

44. Francis Marion c
Struck quickly and then disappeared with his men into the swamps
Earned the nickname
“Swamp Fox”
Served in the South Carolina senate and attended the Constitutional Convention

45. Andrew Pickens
Defeated the British at the battle of Kettle Creek
Stopped fighting after Charles Town fell to the British
Rejoined the war after Loyalists attacked his family and property

46. Andrew Pickens
Helped General Daniel Morgan defeat the British at the Battle of Cowpens
Returned to the South Carolina frontier after the war
Was known as “The Wizard Owl”

47. There were some loyalists in South Carolina and people who did NOT want to be involved in the war at all.

48. The British behaved terribly during the Revolutionary War
The British behaved terribly during the Revolutionary War. They hung Patriots as traitors and burned down the homes and farms of people in South Carolina who refused to join the their army. Their behavior made many South Carolinians join the American militia.

49. The British were defeated in South Carolina and were ultimately defeated in the American Revolution.

50. I will….. summarize the effects of the American Revolution in South Carolina, including the establishment of a new nation and a new government and capital

51. American gained independence from England after writing the Declaration of Independence.

52. After America became its own country, South Carolina was able to change from a colony to a state.

53. South Carolina was able to create its own state government
South Carolina was able to create its own state government. People in SC were able to be a part of the government. At first the rich people played a more important role in the state’s government. Later, the backcountry (poor) farmers were able to play a bigger role in the government.

54. People in the backcountry had problems because laws would be broken where they lived and no one would get in trouble. A court was created to make sure people in the backcountry followed the laws.

55. The United States’ government was weak so the country decided to make some changes. South Carolina sent four rich planters as delegates to Philadelphia to the Constitutional Convention. Here leaders compromised to create a new constitution.

56. The leaders added a Bill of Rights to the Constitution to protect the people in America. South Carolina became to 8th state to ratify the constitution.

57. The Constitution gave people the right to elect representatives to their government. It set up a system of checks-and-balances so that no branch of government could become too powerful.

58. The same Constitution these has been in place for over 200 years, which is the longest that any constitution has been used.

59. Congratulations! You know ALL about South Carolina’s important role in the American Revolution.