Civil Air Patrol Advanced Communications User Training

Civil Air Patrol Advanced Communications User Training
28 Oct 97 July 2018 Communications Webinar Interoperability LtCol. David Rudawitz Director of Communications Oregon Wing Communications - Voice of Command Capt Derrell Lipman

Civil Air Patrol Advanced Communications User Training
28 Oct 97 Topics OEC Interoperability Overview NIFOG CAP Interoperability Channels ORWG specific Interoperability Channels How to use interop channels July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability Capt Derrell Lipman

Interoperability Overview
Civil Air Patrol Advanced Communications User Training 28 Oct 97 Interoperability Overview Interoperability Overview material from the Office of Emergency Communications (OEC), All-Hazards Communications Unit Leader (COML) Training Course, Unit 2: Interoperable Communications July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability Capt Derrell Lipman

2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability
The ability of Public Safety responders to share information via voice and data communications systems on demand, in real time, when needed, and as authorized. Rhetorical Question: Is interoperable communications everyone talking to everyone? July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Interoperability Continuum
What is the SAFECOM Continuum? The Interoperability Continuum is a tool designed to aid the emergency response community and local, tribal, state, and Federal policy makers to ensure they address critical elements for success as they plan and implement interoperability solutions. What are the lanes in the SAFECOM Interoperability Continuum Governance Lane SOPs Technology Training and Exercise Daily Use All of the items listed in these lanes are tools for interoperability. All are acceptable and even essential for effective interoperability. What is the most important lane? Interoperability is a lot more than technology July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Governance Establishes authority through elected officials or executive councils May be established under an Urban Area Working Group Provides for Operations and Technical working groups Strategic Plan Identifies future funding sources Establishes agency rights and responsibilities What is your local governance environment? July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Standard Operating Procedures
Establishes Rules of Use Procedures for the activation, response, and deactivation of communication resources Provides a process for problem resolution Adopt Incident Command System (ICS) to integrate communications into the National Incident Management System (NIMS) Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) Lane Why is adopting ICS important to the COML? July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Technology Cache radios (swap radios): A cache of radios maintained as a shared regional resource; the radios are fully charged, include extra batteries and chargers, and are labeled with the owner agency name, frequencies, band and system Do you know where your caches are? Do you know ordering procedures for a cache? Are there costs involved? Can you account for the cache you use? July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Technology (cont.) Gateways: Gateway systems interconnect channels of disparate systems Fixed gateways, such as console patches, are in use in many dispatch centers Mobile gateways, portable interconnect switches, require technical support What is the basic function of a gateway, also referred to as an audio bridge or audio gateway ? Gateways interconnect disparate communications devices (typically two-way radios) and allow audio to be patched between devices as needed. These communication devices can be in any frequency band (HF, VHF low band, VHF high band, UHF, 800 MHz, satellite bands…). The devices can be portable and mobile radios, base stations, telephones, cell phones or satellite phones. What are the two basic types of gateways? Fixed and Mobile What is a mobile gateway? Portable or Transportable which is taken to the incident, event or exercise. What is a fixed gateway? Centrally located in a fixed location to operate with the local area communication assets. What is a console patch? Console patches are preconfigured/hardwired into the console. How does a audio gateway differ from a console patch? This allows flexible patching between any/all systems interfaced with the audio gateways. Are you using a gateway when a simpler method is available? July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Cross-Connect Deployment
Portable Cross-connect Fixed Cross-connect Used on a temporary basis to link two more radio nets In what type of deployment network would you use a portable C-c? For Incident Area Network (IAN) Small, temporary network created for a specific incident Commonly used for tactical nets In what type of deployment network would you use a transportable C-c? IAN similar to a portable C-c but slightly larger with more capacity (more interface capability) In what type of deployment networks would you use a fixed C-c? Jurisdiction Area Network (JAN) Main communications network for responders and provides connectivity to the Extended Area Network (EAN) Extended Area Network (EAN) Links city, county, regional, state, and national systems Transportable Cross-connect Used on either a permanent or a temporary basis to provide real-time on-demand communication interoperability Used on a temporary basis to link two more radio nets (turn-key solution) July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Technical and Operational Resources
Gateways What are some things to consider when choosing a gateway? What will the gateway be used for? (i.e. deployment environment, mobile, fixed, in building, tunnel…) How many interfaces are required? Where will the interface devices be connected? (i,.e. directly to the gateway, remotely via the internet…) What types of patches are needed? (Many to many, one to many, many to one, one way monitor only…) What is your budget? How are you going to troubleshoot interference? How are you going to troubleshoot major system failure? July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Gateways - Pros Gateways provide a connection between unlike audio sources or radio systems Gateways can make interoperability a reality, with quality audio and clean signals Properly configured gateways will allow all radios to hear all the traffic, taking system delays, etc., into consideration Fixed gateways can be engineered, tested, and exercised What is the biggest advantage of a gateway? Gateways provides interoperability between public safety service and support providers (i.e. law enforcement, firefighters, EMS, emergency management, the public utilities, transportation, and others). Gateways allow public safety agencies to communicate with staff from other responding agencies, to exchange voice and/or data communications on demand and in real-time. July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Gateways - Cons Incorrectly managed, joined audio sources can create major operational problems Mobile Gateways are not “plug and play” and have the potential to cause connected communications networks to fail Failure to adjust audio levels correctly will result in difficult-to-understand audio from different sources Why don’t you use a gateway to patch everyone at an incident to everyone else? Only patch those systems that really need to talk to each other for the time they need to talk, to prevent excess chatter. It will cut down on the confusion of hearing different organizations on your net and there will be less people vying for air time. Remember, just because you can patch someone doesn’t mean you should. How can you ensure gateways are properly configured prior to deployment? Many mobile radios require special programming, some require hardware modification, to properly interface with a gateway. Interface radios should be tested and adjusted with the audio gateway when it is first received and prior to deployment. Why are audio levels of the gateway important? Correct level are required for proper operation Too high of levels will cause flat-topping and distortion Too low will not provide adequate audio volume to drive the interface devices Patched channels may not have identical coverage. Different location of transmitter Different frequency band characteristics July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Gateways - Cons Not fully understanding the methodology used in the gateway can result in the “ping-pong” effect and other issues that make a combined system unusable Gateways require knowledgeable personnel with the skills to troubleshoot problems at all times Gateways must be used as a part of a coordinated plan at an incident; knowing where they are and what they are patching is essential for the COML What is the “ping-pong” effect? Ping Ponging is the effect when the radios in the patch begin bouncing between TX and RX with no signal present. Why do you need a gateway specialist? Gateways are not plug and play. A knowledgeable person can recognize and fix a problem before it effect the people in the field. When at an incident where multiple gateways are used what is the key to interoperability? Coordination is the key, always go through the Communications Leader prior to creating a patch and know what is being patch. Portable and Mobile gateways should have a specialist with them at all times. Caution to address itinerate gateways. Gateway management is essential. COMLs should have the authority over any inventory on the scene. July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Technology (cont.) Shared channels: Common frequencies or talkgroups that have been established and are programmed into radios to provide interoperable communications among agencies Interoperability is promoted when agencies share a common frequency band, air interface (analog or digital), and are able to agree on common channels. Why don’t public safety agencies all use the same shared channels? The general frequency congestion that exists across the United States can place severe restrictions on the number of independent interoperability talk paths available in some bands. Also, different bands have different characteristics. Shared Channels are often ignored for more complex solutions. Shared Channels are the most direct form of interoperability. July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Technology (cont.) Shared system: The use of a single radio system infrastructure to provide service to several Public Safety agencies within a region Why are regional shared systems a solution to interoperability? With proper planning of the talk group or channel structure, interoperability is provided as a byproduct of system design. July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Technology (cont.) Standards-based Shared System P25 is synonymous with Public Safety Digital Radio Standards in the United States. Ongoing joint effort since 1989 between Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials, Intl. (APCO), the National Association of State Technology Directors (NASTD) and agencies of the Federal Government. Standards development is supported by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited Standards Development Organization. Project 25 standards are ANSI-certified. Why are standards-based shared systems better than proprietary shared systems? Proprietary systems limit the user’s choice of product with regard to manufacturer and competitive procurement, standards-based shared systems promote competitive procurement and a wide selection of products to meet specific user needs. P25 is not the Public Safety Radio Standard. It is the Public Safety Digital Radio Standard. July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Standards-based Shared Systems
The goal of P25 is to ensure a future with an open standards-based alternative for Public Safety digital radio systems in the United States and across the globe (P25 is also used in many other countries). Project 25 is a phased approach to fielding new Public Safety communications technology as quickly as it is available, development of standards, and the testing of the technology in the field. July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Standards-based Shared Systems
P25 is an ongoing phased effort to introduce technology promoting interoperability, providing a backward/forward migration path to related technologies. P25 also ensures lifecycle competitive procurement, spectrum efficiency, and is operationally user friendly. Phase One is for 12.5 kHz channels and Phase Two is for 6.25 kHz channels. P25 has eight defined interfaces Common Air Interface (CAI) Console Subsystem Interface (CSSI) Date Interface Fixed Station Interface (FSI) Inter-RF Subsystem Interface (ISSI) RF Subsystem Interface (RFSS) Subscriber Data Peripheral Interface (MDTs, etc.) Telephone Interconnect Interface Project 25 is a phased approach to fielding new Public Safety communications technology as quickly as it is available, development of standards, and the testing of the technology in the field. July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

NIFOG National Interoperability Field Operations Guide Reference for emergency communications planning and for radio technicians responsible for radios that will be used in disaster response. Includes rules and regulations for use of nationwide and other interoperability channels, tables of frequencies and standard channel names, and other reference material, formatted as a pocket-sized guide for radio technicians to carry with them. July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

How is the N I F O G used? The N I F O G may be used by radio technicians when programming channels in radios. It is recommended having these channels programmed in radios at all times, as permitted by the applicable regulations, rather than waiting until a disaster is imminent or occurring to do the programming. The N I F O G also is a useful tool for emergency communications planners, providing them with information on the interoperability channels most likely to be in the radios of responders from another discipline or jurisdiction. July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

How to get copies of the NIFOG?
The latest version of the N I F O G can be downloaded or ordered from July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Non-Federal Interoperability Channels
Authorized for all FCC “public safety” licensees for interoperability under a blanket authorization. Some limitations near borders with Canada and Mexico Federal users also authorized for interoperability with FCC licensed stations. July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

VHF Non-Federal Interoperability Channels
July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Federal Interoperability Channels
Available for use among Federal agencies and between Federal agencies and non-federal entities with which Federal agencies have a requirement to operate. Available to non-federal entities to enable joint Federal/non-federal operations for law enforcement and incident response, subject to the condition that harmful interference will not be caused to Federal stations. Restricted to interoperability communications and are not authorized for routine or administrative uses. Required in all Federal radios Not yet implemented for CAP July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Federal Interoperability Channels

CAP Standard Programming
Non-Federal VHF Interoperability Channels Federal VHF Interoperability Channels (Coming) July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

VHF Non-Federal Interoperability Channels Programming
Johnson Technisonic Zone # Zone Display CH Display Mode Usage/Remarks 3 INTEROP 11 VTAC-33 A 043 VHF Interop (14R-11T) Alt Repeater 12 VTAC-34 044 VHF Interop (13R-12T) Alt Repeater 13 VTAC-35 045 VHF Interop (14R-13T) Alt Repeater 14 VTAC-36 046 VHF Interop (11R-14T) Alt Repeater 15 VTAC-37 047 VHF Interop (12R-13T) Alt Repeater 16 VTAC-38 048 VHF Interop (13R-14T) Alt Repeater 7 LIAISON 9 VCALL-10 030 VCALL10 VCALL MHz 10 VTAC-11 031 VTAC MHz VTAC-12 032 VTAC MHz VTAC-13 033 VTAC MHz VTAC-14 034 VTAC MHz July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

ORWG Specific Interop Channels
Johnson Technisonic Zone # Zone Display CH Display Mode Usage/Remarks 1 ZONE 1 16 OR OPEN A 80 NALEMARS, VLAW31W MHz 3 INTEROP OR SAR BRN 071 OR SAR BROWN Training - Mission overflow 2 OR SAR ORG 072 OR SAR ORANGE Oregon State SAR Primary Channel OR SAR GRN 073 OR SAR GREEN Mission overflow 4 OR SAR PRP 074 OR SAR PURPLE Training - Mission overflow 5 OR SAR YLW 075 OR SAR YELLOW Mission overflow 6 NA SAR NFM 076 National SAR channel and Washington State SAR channel 7 VMED28N 077 HEAR MHz 8 CALCORD 84 California CALCORD MHz 9 CALAW1 079 California CLEMARS MHz 10 CL DIRECT 082 USFS Direct July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

Future Interop Programming
Addition of Federal Interop channels in standard code plug Consolidation and relocation of ORWG specific channels Expect new code plug in FY19 along with roll out of initial APX radios July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

How do emergency responders use the calling channels?
As you approach an incident scene or staging area, you might establish contact on a dispatch or working channel. If you can’t make contact, or if no channel was designated for this purpose, attempt to make contact on one of the designated interoperability calling channels. If it is a repeater channel and you get no response, try the “direct” or “talk-around” mode if your radio has that capability. In some cases, the talk-around channel exists as a distinct channel on the radio. July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

ORWG Specific Interop Use
COML or IC will coordinate specific channel(s) to use Teams/crews will be briefed on specific channels and call sign(s) of other agency(s) Default OR SAR channel - OR SAR ORANGE Default WA SAR channel - NA SAR NFM ( ) July 2018 2018 ORWG July Communications Webinar - Interoperability

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