1. Unit 3B Human Diversity & Change Primate evolutionary trends
Variation & evolution
Primate evolutionary trends

2. Evolution review
Evidence for evolution II (10 mins)
Evolution Continues (10 mins)

3. Classification of Primates
Prosimians
Anthropoids
Lemuriformes
Tarsiiformes
Platyrrhines
Catarrhines
Lemurs
Lorises
Tarsiers
Ceboids New World monkeys
Cercopithecoids Old World monkeys
Hominoids apes & man

4. Ancestral primate Tupaia – the oriental tree shrew
Stavenn

5. Primates - prosimians
Tarsier
Alpingstone
Lemur
Loris

6. Primates – new world monkeys
Michael Schamis
Spider monkey
Howler monkey
Squirrel monkey

7. Primates – old world monkeys
Green monkey
Macaque
Barbary ape
Baboons

8. Primates - apes
Arpingstone
Chimpanzee
Gorilla
Gibbons
Orang utan

9. Primates - hominids Australopithecus Homo habilis Homo sapiens
Homo erectus

10. Primate evolutionary trends
Eyes move towards front of face – better 3-D (stereoscopic) vision.
Better colour vision
Reduced sense of smell

11. Large brain relative to the size of the body

12. Completely enclosed orbit

13. Generalised dentition with reduced tooth numbers (I2:C1:PM2/3:M3)

14. Generalised pentadactyl limbs with improved grasp (opposability of thumb)

15. Opposability of the Digits
Precision grip
Power grip
Changes to the relative length of the forefinger and thumb, and modification of the musculature and joints of the hand have improved the opposability of the thumb and the range of grips available to humans.
In contrast, the big toe has largely lost its opposability.

16. Nails replace claws

17. Primate evolutionary trends - 2
Mobile fore-limbs – shoulder blade on back & well developed collar bone

18. Single pregnancies
Extended period of dependency on parents
Body tends to get larger