1. Entente/Allied Group:
Serbia
Russia
France
Britain
Central Powers:
Germany
Austria-Hungary

2. 1914-18 Iran is battleground for conflict of
Russians, British, Germans and
Ottomans
1921 Iran finally manages to get rid of
foreign occupants, though oil industry
remains under British domination

3. August 1914 Ottomans enter war on Central
Powers’ side
December 1914 British declare protectorate
over Egypt
Egyptians drafted into British forces

4. ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Sa‘ud

5. Husayn of Mecca
(r )
Sir Henry Macmahon

6. Sykes-Picot Agreement,
May 16th, 1916

7. 2nd November 1917 Lord Balfour sends
“Balfour Declaration,” committing
British government to the establishment
of Jewish state in Palestine, provided
rights of non-Jews in the region and
Jews elsewhere are respected

8. T.E. Lawrence,
a.k.a. Lawrence
of Arabia

9. 30th October 1918 Ottomans surrender
1919 Paris Peace Conference. Foundation of
League of Nations
1920 San Remo Agreements and Treaty of
Sèvres
1923 Treaty of Lausanne

10. 1919 Italians, Greeks,
French and British face
Turkish resistance
1920 Turks elect Mustafa
Kemal president
Mustafa Kemal
(Atatürk, )

11. Sept 1922 Mustafa Kemal
has negotiated peace with
French and defeated
British and Greeks
Both Mustafa Kemal and
Ottoman sultan are invited
to Lausanne conference of
, but sultan is
deposed before it, and
afterwards Turkish
republic is created

12. 1930 Anglo-Iraqi treaty
1932 Mandate for Iraq
terminated, Iraq enters League
of Nations
Series of coups
King Faysal of Iraq
(r )