1. The Civil War
AP US History
Mrs. Lacks

2. The Union & Confederacy in 1861

3. Rating the North & the South

4. Railroad Lines, 1860

5. Resources: North & the South

6. Slave/Free States Population, 1861

7. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

8. Immigrants as a % of a State’s Population in 1860

9. The CSA 11 states, 9 million people (including 3.5 million slaves)
Army: about 600,000 – 1,500,000
Navy: no real navy
Original capital: Montgomery, Alabama
2nd (and longest) capital: Richmond, VA

10. Confederate Constitution
“We, the people of the Confederate States, each State acting in its sovereign and independent character, in order to form a permanent federal government, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God do ordain and establish this Constitution for the Confederate States of America.”
Differences & Similarities: US & CS?

11. The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens

13. Married: Sarah Knox Taylor, then Varina Howell (6 kids)
1808 – 1889
Born in Kentucky
Married: Sarah Knox Taylor, then Varina Howell (6 kids)
Served in Mex-Am War
Democrat
US Rep from Miss
US Senate from Miss
US Secretary of War
1st and only President of the CSA (resigned from US Senate when Miss seceded and was elected without opposition)
Jefferson Davis
Resume

14. Southerners believed there would be no war Davis feared otherwise
1st goal: to establish peace between USA and CSA
set up a Peace Commission as part of the Confederate Congress
on the way to DC to pay for any US federal property on Southern soil when Ft Sumter happened
Jefferson Davis
Goals

15. The Confederate “White House”

16. MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

17. Fort Sumter
Charleston, SC
Lincoln’s Dilemma
Davis’ Dilemma

18. Fort Sumter No casualties North leaves 4 more states secede
Lincoln calls for troops

20. Lincoln’s Generals Winfield Scott Joseph Hooker Ulysses S. Grant
Irwin McDowell
George Meade
Ambrose Burnside
George McClellan

21. George McClellan 1st General of Union Army (1861 & 1862)
chose to lead - good administrator, popular with troops, incredibly cautious
fired after Battle of Antietam (Antietam ended in a stalemate, but Lincoln considered it a victory; South had been winning until this point)

22. McClellan: I Can Do It All!

23. Ulysses S. Grant Born in Ohio as Hiram U. Grant graduate of West Point
fought in the Mexican War
resigned from army and failed at several business ventures; tried farming/owned slaves in Missouri
Returned to the army; led troops in the West (TN, MS), and came to VA when called by Lincoln
Became last Union general of the Civil War

24. William Tecumseh Sherman
Leads “March to Sea” through Georgia and the Carolinas
Burns Atlanta
"General Grant is a great general. I know him well. He stood by me when I was crazy, and I stood by him when he was drunk; and now, sir, we stand by each other always."

25. Overview of the North’s Civil War Strategy:
Anaconda Plan

27. Nathan Bedford Forrest
Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford Forrest
Jeb Stuart
George Pickett
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee

28. Robert E. Lee Virginian, born in Stafford, lived in Arlington
modest, willing to take chances, great soldier
West Point graduate
fought in war with Mexico
Married Mary Custis (granddaughter of George Washington)
led the group of Marines in capturing John Brown
Disagreed with slavery
turned down an offer to lead in the Union army when VA seceded (loved Virginia & the South)

29. Robert E. Lee
Asked to and took control of the Confederate Army (called the Army of Northern Virginia)
Considered the greatest general in American History (other than GW)
Loved by his men, respected by Grant
Went on to work at Washington College in Lexington after the war (now Washington & Lee University)

30. Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson
Virginian
Graduated from West Point
Fought in Mexican-American War
Taught at Virginia Military Institute (VMI), Lexington, VA
stood “like a stone wall” in battle
Loved by his troops
leader in confederate victory at Bull Run
Shot accidentally by his own men at Battle of Chancellorsville
Buried in Lexington, VA (statue at VMI salutes Robert E. Lee – also buried here)

31. Southern Strategy?

32. Lincoln sends troops South

33. Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas) July, 1861

34. The Monitor vs. the Merrimac
The Battle of Hampton Roads, March, 1862
The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

35. Hampton Roads?
Nautically, a road is a body of water, larger than a harbor, where you can anchor a ship

37. Damage on the Deck of the Monitor

38. Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

39. War in the East:

40. Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties

41. The Emancipation Proclamation

42. Allowed free blacks to fight for the Union
What did the EP do?
Allowed free blacks to fight for the Union

43. What will Abolish Slavery in the US?

44. African American Recruitment

45. 54th Massachusetts

46. Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act
1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act
1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863)
1863 – Pacific Railway Act
1863 – National Bank Act
1862 – Homestead Act
1862 – Legal Tender Act

47. The War in the West, 1863:
Vicksburg

48. The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

49. Gettysburg Casualties

50. The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

51. Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC

52. Recruiting Blacks in NYC

53. NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

54. Inflation in the South

55. Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

56. 1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)
George McClellan (D)

57. The Peace Movement: Copperheads
Clement Vallandigham

58. 1864 Copperhead campaign poster
Northerners who wanted peace (end war)
Blamed abolitionists for war
Published newspapers to get Union soldiers to desert
Tried to help Confederate prisoners to escape

59. Presidential Election Results: 1864

60. The Final Virginia Campaign: 1864-1865

61. Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865

62. Casualties on Both Sides

63. Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

64. Civil War GREATLY aged President Lincoln
1865
1860

65. Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

66. Conspiracy!
plan was to create disorder so the “south could rise again”
plans to kill 4 US leaders in one night
President - A. Lincoln
Vice President - Andrew Johnson
Secretary of State - Seward
General of the Army - Ulysses S. Grant

67. The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth

68. The Conspirators
George Atzerodt
David Herold
Lewis Powell

69. The Assassination

70. Other conspirators
Mary Surratt - convicted of being an accomplice and hanged
Dr. Samuel Mudd - life imprisonment - set Booth’s broken leg
Edward Spangler - 6 years in prison - stagehand at the theater who held Booth’s horse

71. WANTED~~!!

72. Front Royal, VA – Place of Booth’s death

73. Now He Belongs to the Ages!

74. The Execution