1. Write the following questions in your notebooks, in preparation for a short video clip from “America: The Story of Us – Cities” (39:00 – the End):
(1) By 1900, how many women are working in cities?
(2) What were the problems that prevented putting out the fire?
(3) Why were many girls not able to be rescued?
(4) What are some of the positive changes that occur because of the fire?

2. Read, “Reform in Response to the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire” and answer these questions:
(1) What were the reform efforts in New York City and in many other big cities across the nation in response to this tragedy?
(2) Rest of handout … What were the major Progressive Era reforms regarding workers’ compensation and child labor?

3. Reform at the City / State Level
Socialism?
Child Labor – By 1929, every state banned children under 14 from working
Workers’ Compensation – Starting in 1911, 10 states passed laws requiring businesses to provide workers’ comp.
Zoning Laws – divided cities into
commercial & residential sections
Building Codes – safer standards

4. Socialism vs. Progressivism
“Progressive
Hepburn Act (1906) – Regulate Railroads
Meat Inspection Act (1906) – Regulations
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) – Regulations
Environmental Conservation (1905 & 1906) – Protecting Lands
16th Amendment (1913) – Income Tax
17th Amendment (1913) – Direct Election of Senators
Federal Reserve Act (1913) – Banking Reform
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) – Protect Unions
18th Amendment (1919) – Alcohol Prohibition
19th Amendment (1920) – Women’s Right to Vote Nationwide
Regarding child labor, workers’ compensation, limiting hours, zoning and building codes
Era Reforms”
Are these reforms socialism?
Socialism vs. Progressivism

5. Progressivism in the U. S
Progressivism in the U.S. is a political reform movement, trying to reform capitalism and society at large.
“Regulate” business
Support capitalism
Programs that help the working class
Building codes
Sanitation laws
Worker’s compensation laws

6. George F. Baer
“Coal mining is a business, not a religious, sentimental, or academic proposition. The rights and interests of the laboring man will be protected and cared for not by the labor agitators but by the Christian men to whom God, in his infinite wisdom, has given control of the property interests of the country.” --- George F. Baer

7. 1902 – Newlands Reclamation Act 1903 – Panama intervention
1904 Presidential Election
His greatest regret
Treaty of Portsmouth (1905), settling Russo-Japanese War
Nobel Peace Prize
Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography

8. The Teddy Bear Incident …
“The Alice Problem …”
The Teddy Bear Incident …
Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography

9. Theodore Roosevelt: the “accidental President” Republican (1901-1909)
National Forest Service (1905)
Managing forest resources
Socialism?
Antiquities Act (1906)
Protecting lands of historical & scientific interest and prehistoric lands
Gives the president “nearly-unfettered discretion”
Conservationist
vs.
Preservationist
Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography

10. Socialism? Other protected habitats - 5 national parks
- 18 national monuments
- 150 National Forests
- 51 bird sanctuaries
- 4 game refuges
- 230 million acres preserved
Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography

11. CONSERVATION: National Parks and Forests
Faragher, Out of Many, 3rd Ed.;

12. Regulating Food and Drugs Why the reform?
- Selections from The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
“They use everything about the hog except the squeal.”
“These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together.”
“[The] old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white – it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped, and made over again for home consumption.”
Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography

13. Socialism? Meat Inspection Act (1906) Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Federal Inspection of Meat-packing plants & standards of cleanliness
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Prohibited sale of impure drugs
Hepburn Act (1906)
Strengthens the I.C.C.
** Eliminated bribery used by railroads
Wadsworth.com (portrait and on horseback); Underwood and Underwood. Theodore Roosevelt Addressing a Crowd, Collection of The New-York Historical Society. PBS- American Photography
Socialism?

14. Response to Camella Teoli’s story and the Lawrence Textile Strike (1912) …
** What happened to Camella Teoli in 1911, and how did her testimony affect the 1912 Lawrence Mill Strike?

15. Taft’s Progressive Accomplishments
William Howard Taft President Republican
Trust-busting
Children’s Bureau
(Taft has) “…completely twisted around the policies I advocated and acted upon.”
-Theodore Roosevelt

16. Wilson’s Progressive Era Reforms
Federal Reserve Act (1913)
Federal Reserve Banking System
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)
Further regulated businesses
Allowed unions to exist
Wadsworth.com
Woodrow Wilson President Democrat
Wilson at the peak of his power

17. Federal Reserve Act (1913)
Federal Reserve strives to manage the money supply as well as the availability of credit within the nation.
(1) Open market operations – buying and selling securities, U.S. bonds
(2) The discount rate –
interest charged other banks
(3) Reserve requirements –
keeping $$$ on hand

18. Done!!!!

19. European / United States Imperialism:
“Age of Imperialism”
1870s
1893
1912
1920
European / United States Imperialism:
European actions in Africa
U.S. involvement in …
Japan
Hawaii
Cuba
Philippines
China
Colombia

20. Causes of U.S. Imperialism
[1] Markets for U.S. goods …
[2] Establishing U.S. military bases …
[3] Anglo-Saxonism / Extending U.S. cultural influence …
*** Nothing altruistic about it!!!

21. Annexation of Hawaii 1878, U.S. negotiates in American Samoa …
1790’s American merchants & missionaries arrive
to Hawaii …
1875, U.S. establishes a naval base in Hawaii in order to …
1887, the Bayonet Constitution, which established …
January 16, the peaceful overthrow of the
Queen Liluokalani …
The Marines land …

22. Annexation of Hawaii
President Grover Cleveland refused to approve annexation …
Investigation and reinstatement …
1898, Newlands Resolution, establishing …
Grover Cleveland
William McKinley

23. United States imperialism in Latin America …
: U.S. Marines land in Argentina to protect American interests during a revolution
1855: U.S. forces sent to Uruguay to protect American lives and property
1885: Washington sends--in one of the first acts of "gunboat diplomacy"--the USS Wachusett to Guatemala to defend American lives and property
1904: United States takes control of the Dominican Republic
1905: U.S. Marines land in Honduras
: U.S. forces occupy Cuba
1912: United Fruit begins operations
in Honduras
: U.S. troops occupy Haiti
: U.S. Marines occupy the
Dominican Republic
1918: U.S. army lands in Panama to
protect United Fruit plantations
: U.S. troops support a coup
in Guatemala
: U.S. marines occupy Nicaragua
1954: CIA-United Fruit coup in Guatemala