1. Introduction to Argument and Rhetoric

2. What is argument?

3. What is Rhetoric?
Aristotle defines it as “The art of observing, in any given case, the available means of persuasion.”

5. Arguments contain a “claim”
A claim is…
an assertion of the truth of something, typically one that is disputed or in doubt
a claim is something that can be argued.

8. There are 2 types of reasoning:
INDUCTIVE
DEDUCTIVE

9. Types of Arguments

10. Classical Argument Introduction (exordium)
Narration: The Story (narration)
Thesis/Claim/Key Issues (partition)
Confirmation: support your claim (confirmatio)
Refutation: the other side (refutation)
Conclusion: the end (peroratio)

11. Rogerian Argument
Introduction: Describe the issue, problem, or conflict deeply and in a detailed fashion
Contexts: Describe how alternate positions may be valid.
Writer’s position: Here’s my position and how and why it’s probably the best .
Benefits to opponent: The writer explains to opposition how they would benefit from his or her position.

12. Toulmin
Claim
Data
Warrant
Backing

13. Argument of Fact

14. Argument of Definition
Define of something using examples, comparisons, and research

15. Argument of Evaluation
Use standards for judgment to support claim (i.e. a movie review)

16. Now, look at the ad on your desk…