1. Henry VIII and the Church of England
World Studies
September 29

2. Henry VII and Elizabeth of York

3. I. The War of the Roses
The Lancasters (red) and the Yorks (white) had been competing for control of England
Henry VII was a Lancaster who married one York and defeated another
Became king in 1485, but he knew his hold on the throne was weak

4. The Tudor Rose

5. II. An Heir
In order to keep a strong hold on the throne, there needed to be lots of male Tudor heirs
Henry VII betrothed his oldest son Arthur to Catherine of Aragon (from Spain) when he was just 2
Arthur and Catherine married in 1501
He died less than a year later

7. She was married to Arthur’s little brother Henry in 1509
Henry VII did not want lose his alliance with Spain or give back Catherine’s dowry, so he kept her in England
She was married to Arthur’s little brother Henry in 1509
Required special dispensation from the Pope
Catherine swore her first marriage had not been consummated

8. Henry VIII also knew it was very important to have male heirs
Catherine became pregnant many times, but only had one child who lived – Mary
Catherine was getting older and Henry feared they’d never have a boy
At the same time he was falling in love with Anne Boleyn
She was young, pretty and manipulative

10. III. Defender of the Faith
Henry VIII was very religious
When the Reformation began he wrote arguments against Luther’s beliefs
Did not support Protestantism
But also believed that as king he should always get his way

11. IV. The Annulment
Henry wanted to annul (cancel) his marriage to Catherine so that he could marry Anne
Argued that they could not have sons because God was punishing him
Not supposed to marry his brother’s wife
Her nephew Charles V pressured the Pope into refusing
Did not want his aunt cast aside

12. V. The Divorce Henry was furious
Many of his advisors were secretly Protestant
Planted the idea that England break from the Catholic Church
Henry could have his divorce and more power
In 1534 the Act of Supremacy made Henry the head of the Church of England

13. Everyone was forced to sign and acknowledge it
The loyal Catholics who didn’t were executed, including Henry’s close friend Sir Thomas More
Henry appointed an Archbishop who immediately granted him a divorce

14. VI. The Church of England
Henry’s break was very different from Luther’s
Didn’t have disagreements with the Church or its beliefs
Church practices remained mostly the same
Did have the Bible in English
Closed the monasteries
Said it was because they were immoral, but was probably so Henry could take their land and money