1. AGATA Simulation Code (ASC)
Overview
Marc Labiche
AGATA –GRETINA Workshop,
ANL 5th -8th Dec 2016

2. Outline ASC Generalities Version / Distribution/ Working group
Update on Ancillary detectors
Validation status
Recent Developments
GPS & GDML capability
Simulated Time Stamped Data
g-ray b ackground simulation
Further developments in progress

3. ASC Generalities Distribution:
ASC is a Native GEANT4 simulation program
Almost as old as GEANT4
Initially developed & maintained by E. Farnea (University of Padova)
Current ASC version compatible with Geant
Distribution:
SVN repository:
Schools/workshop
Nov – AGATA Simulation mini-school (Orsay)
Slides:
Dec – ICC workshop on Simulation with AGATA & SToGS (GANIL)
Slides:

4. ASC Generalities Most recent contributors of the ASC Working Group:
J. Ljungvall (CSNSM) Event Gen. and Time-Stamped Simulated Data
C. Domingo-Pardo (IFIC Valencia) AGATA Double Cluster – Event Gen. (GSI)
M. Ciemala (Krakow) PARIS & VAMOS
G. Jaworski (Warsaw) EXOGAM & NEDA array
B. Bruneels (CEA-IRFU) FATIMA
D. Bloor (Uni. Of York) LYCCA detector + MOCADI external evt
generator
M. Reese (TU Darmstadt) External Evt Generator (plunger experiments)
A. Goasduff (INFN - LNL) GALILEO
M. Labiche (STFC Daresbury) Maintenance/Support & new G4 features (GPS,
GDML) , + ancillaries (FATIMA, AIDA …) .

5. A glimpse at the SVN Repository
Agata/
trunk/
Most up-to-date branch
branches/
GANIL/
trunk/
GSI/
a_event_generator/
b_event_builder/
trunk/
c_event_reconstruction/
ext_generators/
Svn co
or Svn co

6. Agata + Ancillary Detectors
Simulation of standalone ancillary detectors
or combination of them can can also be
carried out.
LYCCA
Result is a Similar ASCII format output than AGATA ouput.
PARIS +
Fast Timing
Array
Fast Timing
Array
Command: ./Agata –a Nbanc Idanc

7. Current Ancillary Detectors
Ancillaries
Index
Scoring ID Offset
Koeln Si det. 1
1000
Shell (default) 2
2000
DANTE 3
3000
EUCLIDES 4
4000,5000
Brick (PRISMA “dipole”) 6
6000
N-Wall 7
7000
DIAMANT 8
8000
EXOGAM 9
9000
HELENA 10
10000
RFD 11
11000
Cassandra 16
16000
AIDA 17
17000
Fast Timing Array 18
18000
PARIS 19
19000
LYCCA 22
22000
Result is a Similar ASCII format output than AGATA ouput.

8. Other detectors available:
GRETINA
8 Miniball
Defined as
different
Ge crystal
shapes
Result is a Similar ASCII format output than AGATA ouput.
ORGAM (Eurogam)
./Agata –g 4
GALILEO
./Agata –g 5
Defined as
standalone
detector
but not as
AGATA
ancillaries

9. Why a Simulation Code ? Investigate Concept & Design of the Array
Choose optimal design/configuration
E. Farnea et al. NIM A 621 (2010) 331–343
Develop and test analysis codes (tracking)
Cost effective way to start and develop a project
Preparation of experiments with different array configurations:
Feasibility checks.
Given the expect number of crystal available
Number of crystals continuously increases but not yet reached 180.
Nominal and Compact configuration
Presence of ancillaries
All has an impact on efficiency, P/T, tracking …
Data Analyse & Interpretation of results

10. Ex: Effect of ancillaries on AGATA tracked spectrum ?
Courtesy of Philipp R. John & Alain. Goasduff
190W
138Ba
+2p channel in 136Xe+192Os at 900MeV
Doppler corrected using 138Ba recoil,
138Ba g rays: and keV,
190W (partner) g rays: 207, 357, 485, 591, 695 keV,
+ 20 g rays for low energy background

11. Ex: Decay lifetime effect on FaTimA efficiency
v/c=10%
Note: Chamber present but not shown

12. Ex: Simulated decay curves
Simulation can help determine the lifetime given the measured beta beam and the effect of acceptance
Acceptance effects on the decay curve when source is moving

13. Simulation validation
GSI source run with 21 crystals
N. Lalovic et al. NIM A 806 (2016)
Full energy peak efficiency at 1172 KeV when gating on 1332 KeV in Euroball Gated on 1332 keV:
@ 1172 keV
eExp (%)
eSim (%)
P/Texp (%)
P/Tsim (%)
Core Common
2.38(2)
2.84
18.3(2)
22.5
Calorimeter
3.30(2)
4.21
32.2(3)
42.5
But for all of that to be true & useful, validation is important
So: ~20% discrepancy on the Core Common Efficiency
~33% discrepancy on the Calorimeter Efficiency

14. Simulation validation
GSI source run with 21 crystals
N. Lalovic et al. NIM A 806 (2016)
Full energy peak efficiency at 1172 KeV when gating on 1332 KeV in Euroball Gated on 1332 keV:
@ 1172 keV
eExp (%)
eSim (%)
P/Texp (%)
P/Tsim (%)
Core Common
2.38(2)
2.84
18.3(2)
22.5
Calorimeter
3.30(2)
4.21
32.2(3)
42.5
Actually, 23 crystals were
considered in the simulations
So: ~20% discrepancy on the Core Common Efficiency
~33% discrepancy on the Calorimeter Efficiency

15. Simulation validation
GSI source run with 21 crystals
N. Lalovic et al. NIM A 806 (2016)
Full energy peak efficiency at 1172 KeV when gating on 1332 KeV in Euroball Gated on 1332 keV:
@ 1172 keV
eExp (%)
eSim (%)
P/Texp (%)
P/Tsim (%)
Core Common
2.38(2)
2.55
18.3(2)
22.5
Calorimeter
3.30(2)
3.71
32.2(3)
42.5
Now for 21 crystals !
So: ~7% discrepancy on the Core Common Efficiency
~12% discrepancy on the Calorimeter Efficiency

16. Recent ASC developments
GEANT4 General Particle Source (GPS)
GPS allows the user to simulate realistic sources (ex: 60Co, 152Eu, …)
Now also available in the AGATA code: ./Agata –gps
Ex. Macros also available in the GANIL branch svn repostory:
agata/branch/GANIL/trunk/macros/gps
However:
Issues with
some intensities !
152Eu

17. Recent ASC developments
GEANT4 GDML capability tested
Implement CAD files of Mechanical Structure
Easy to include as “ancillary”: ./Agata –a N id
HoneyComb is invoked as “ancillary” with the id number: 26
GANIL vacuum chamber + target frame with the id number: 27
OUPS plunger
Import/export detector geometry from/to
other frameworks

18. https://github.com/malabi/gdml-files
Recent ASC developments
CAD to GDML format with FastRad software (free or commercial versions)
Also: FreeCaD at
GDML files can be quite big !
All GDML files are available on this git repository:
From a step file converted
into a gdml file
All 60 ATC + honeycomb structure
Note: 28MB gdml file

19. Simulated Efficiency & P/T curves
(after tracking with mgt)
Setup: - Nominal
- 10ATC+1ADC
at backward angles
Isotropic source (Mg=1)
+ Vacuum Chamber

20. Simulated Efficiency curves
Isotropic source with and without Chamber
32 crystals - Nominal
- Similar effect of absorption/scattering in the Chamber in both operation mode
(Calorimeter or after Tracking)
- Large attenuation in chamber at low energy ( ~ -20 % at 121 keV)
- Expected but now better estimate with realistic chamber

21. Isotropic source with and without Chamber
Simulated P/T curves
Isotropic source with and without Chamber
32 crystals - Nominal
- P/T ratio clearly also affected by presence of the chamber
- Similar effect in both operation modes

22. Recent ASC developments
Simulation with timestamp information
Led by Joa Ljungvall (CSNSM)
Why ?
Need to take into account Source activity or Beam intensity and time structure:
To estimate pile-up (and associated efficiency loss) and background in time spectrum
To analyse Simulated and real data with same tools.
How?
As Geant4 resets the clock to 0 at the beginning of each event
we have to keep track of the time between events:
We do it by setting the time to t0 (Day, Hour, Min,…, nsec) at the beginning of
the run, and propagate the time according to beam structure or source activity
Choose option “–Gen”: ./Agata –Gen
(see AgataAlternativeGenerator class)

23. Time Propagation: For a realistic source:
./build/Agata –Gen –b macros_adf/Co60Source/sourcerun.mac
This macro uses the commands
/Agata/file/info/enableTime
/Agata/generator/emitter/SetGammaRaySource aaEl Activity(kBq)
Ex:
/Agata/generator/emitter/SetGammaRaySource 60Co 1000
= This opens a user define file called “60Co.g4srcdata” ” and define the
source activity to 1000 kBq

24. “60Co.g4srcdata” format explained:
1= probability for the following g-decay cascade Each cascade separated by a blank line

25. g-g matrices for 60Co sources
Courtesy of J. Ljungvall
Gated on 1332 keV

26. Time propagation For a beam, use the commands:
/Agata/file/info/enableTime
Intensity: pps, (if set ≤ 0 no time propagation)
/Agata/generator/emitter/SetParticlePerSeconds pps
Beam bunch frequency: HF, (if set ≤ 0 Continuous beam)
/Agata/generator/emitter/SetAcceleratorHF HF units
Bunch length: Bt, should be >0
/Agata/generator/emitter/SetWidthBeamPuls Bt units
See examples in: macros_adf/Simulated experiments/

27. Also available with the –Gen option:
Addition of g-ray backgrounds
Discrete g rays:
/Agata/generator/emitter/AddDiscreteGamma E N
E: energy in MeV
N: number per event
Exponential energy distribution:
/Agata/generator/emitter/setSlopeGammaBackground S
/Agata/generator/emitter/setMaxEGammaBackground E
/Agata/generator/emitter/setNumberofGammaBackground N

28. Ex: Effect of ancillaries on AGATA tracked spectrum ?
Courtesy of Philipp R. John & Alain. Goasduff
190W
138Ba
+2p channel in 136Xe+192Os at 900MeV
Doppler corrected using 138Ba recoil,
138Ba g rays: and keV,
190W (partner) g rays: 207, 357, 485, 591, 695 keV,
+ 20 g rays for low energy background

29. Future developments Apply GEANT4 Multi-threading feature.
Develop ASC existing features to facilitate their transfer to other ( & more recent) frameworks
SToGs , NPTool (SPIRAL 2) – AGATA GDML geometry yet implemented.
ENSARRoot (FAIRRoot)
All of these other frameworks are well connected to ROOT

30. Summary
After the Concept and design of the AGATA array, the Geant4 based ASC is used more and more to prepare and and helps in the analysis of the experiment
The Geant4 based ASC continue to be well maintained and developed
Main novelty: Timestamp added to the simulated data
Simulated data  real data after PSA
Enriched by the addition of new “Ancillaries” and the new geant4 GDML and GPS features
Significant impact on Efficiency & P/T ratio at low energy are observed when CAD GDML converted geometry files are used.

31. Fin

32. Simulation validation
GSI source run with 21 crystals
N. Lalovic et al. NIM A 806 (2016)
@ 1172 keV
eExp (%)
eSim (%)
P/Texp (%)
P/Tsim (%)
Core Common
2.38(2)
2.84(9)
18.3(2)
22.5(6)
Calorimeter
3.30(2)
4.21(8)
32.2(3)
42.5(10)
So: ~20% discrepancy on the Core Common Efficiency
~33% discrepancy on the Calorimeter Efficiency

33. Simulation validation
GSI source run with 21 crystals
N. Lalovic et al. NIM A 806 (2016)
@ 1172 keV
eExp (%)
eSim (%)
P/Texp (%)
P/Tsim (%)
Core Common
2.38(2)
2.55(14)
18.3(2) 23
Calorimeter
3.30(2)
3.71(17)
32.2(3) 42
Now with 21 crystals

34. agata/branch/GANIL/trunk/macros/gps
Recent developments
GEANT4 General Particle Source
GPS allows the user to simulate realistic sources (ex: 60Co, 152Eu, …)
Now also available in the AGATA code: ./Agata –gps
Ex. Macros also available in the GANIL branch svn repostory:
agata/branch/GANIL/trunk/macros/gps
GEANT4 GDML capability added
Implement Mechanical structure
Easy to include as ancillary: ./Agata –a N id
HoneyComb is invoked as ancillary with id number: 26
Ganil Vacuum chamber is invoked as ancillary with id number: 27
OUPS (unique id not yet attributed)
Import/export detector from/to other framework

35. Simulation validation
GSI source run with 21 crystals
N. Lalovic et al. NIM A 806 (2016)
Full energy peak efficiency
@ 1172 keV
eExp (%)
eSim (%)
Core Common
2.38(2)
2.84(9)
Calorimeter
3.30(2)
4.21(8)
So: ~20% discrepancy on the Core Common Efficiency
~33% discrepancy on the Calorimeter Efficiency

36. Simulation validation
GSI source run with 21 crystals
N. Lalovic et al. NIM A 806 (2016)
Full energy peak efficiency
@ 1172 keV
eExp (%)
eSim (%)
Core Common
2.38(2)
2.84(9)
Calorimeter
3.30(2)
4.21(8)
Actually, 23 crystals were
considered in the simulations
So: ~20% discrepancy on the Core Common Efficiency
~33% discrepancy on the Calorimeter Efficiency

37. Simulation validation
GSI source run with 21 crystals
N. Lalovic et al. NIM A 806 (2016)
Full energy peak efficiency
@ 1172 keV
eExp (%)
eSim (%)
Core Common
2.38(2)
2.55(14)
Calorimeter
3.30(2)
3.71(17)
Now for 21 crystals !
So: ~7% discrepancy on the Core Common Efficiency
~12% discrepancy on the Calorimeter Efficiency

38. Time propagation with beam time structure
Intensity: pps, (if set ≤ 0 no time propagation)
/Agata/generator/emitter/SetParticlePerSeconds pps
Beam bunch frequency: HF, (if set ≤ 0 Continuous beam)
/Agata/generator/emitter/SetAcceleratorHF HF units
Bunch length: Bt, should be >0
/Agata/generator/emitter/SetWidthBeamPuls Bt units

39. Time propagation with beam time structure
Ex: beam structure for 1010pps, beam repetition rate of 100MHz and beam bunches of 1ns(red) and 2ns(green)
Courtesy of J. Ljungvall

40. Recent ASC developments
Ex: g-g matrices for different source activities
100 KBq 60Co
Eg [keV]
10 MBq 60Co
Eg [keV]

41. Event generators included:
Fusion-evaporation
/Agata/generator/emitter/BeamOut/SetPfe P (Pi = probability)
Coulomb excitation:
/Agata/generator/emitter/BeamOut/SetPclx P2
Fusion-Fission excitation:
/Agata/generator/emitter/BeamOut/SetPff P3
Multi-nucleon transfer:
/Agata/generator/emitter/BeamOut/SetPtr P4