1. 2. 01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 2
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

2. Structures of the circulatory system
Blood
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

3. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Blood
Hemat- = blood
-ology = the study of
The average adult has
8 – 10 pints.
4-5 qts
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

4. Functions
Transports nutrients, oxygen, cellular waste products, and hormones.
Aids in distribution of heat.
Regulates acid-base balance.
Helps protect against infection.

5. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Blood
One drop of blood contains:
5 million RBCs
250, ,000 platelets
7,500 WBCs
Red blood cells live 120 days.
Make new blood cells 2 million per second!
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

6. Structures of the blood
Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

7. Plasma liquid portion of blood without cellular components
Straw colored and contains
Water
Plasma proteins
Nutrients
Electrolytes, Hormones
Vitamins, enzymes
Metabolic waste products
Plasma
Cellular elements

8. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Plasma proteins
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulin
Gamma globulin
Prothrombin
Plasma
Cellular elements
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

9. Plasma Proteins Fibrinogen Albumin Prothrombin
Necessary for blood clotting, synthesized in the liver.
From the liver, helps maintain blood’s osmotic pressure and volume.
A globulin which helps blood coagulate. Vitamin K necessary for prothrombin synthesis

10. Coagulation Cut or injuryplatelets and injured tissue
release Thromboplastin  act on
Prothrombin in plasma  + Calcium ions
converts to Thrombin  the thrombin acts as
an enzyme and changes Fibrinogen  Fibrin
creating a mesh that traps red blood cells,
platelets and plasma creating a blood clot.

11. Coagulation Cont. Anticoagulants prevent blood clotting
Heparin:antiprothrombin
Prothrombin is dependent on Vitamin K

12. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Erythrocytes
Biconcave disk
Hemoglobin- gives red color, heme is iron and globin is protein,
Transportation
Oxygen to tissues
Carbon dioxide away from cells
Normal – men gm
Women – gm
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

13. Old cells broken down by the spleen and liver.
Erythrocytes
Erythropoiesis
Manufacture of RBCs
Occurs in bone marrow.
Red cells live 120 days.
Old cells broken down by the spleen and liver.
Hemolysis
Rupture or bursting of erythrocyte, can be from a blood transfusion or disease.

14. Function of hemoglobin
Red cells travel through the lungs where O2+hemoglobin: oxyhemoglobin O2 is carried to tissues and released, CO2 picked up and carried back to the lungs for exchange.

15. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Leukocytes
Larger than erythrocytes
Five types
Leuk/o/cytes –
white cells
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

16. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Leukocytes
Larger than erythrocytes
Granular or agranular
5 types
Normal leukocyte count = 3,200 – 9,800
Diapedesis- when WBC have the ability to squeeze through the intercellular spaces of capillary walls to fight infection in neighboring tissues.
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

17. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Leukocytes
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

18. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Thrombocytes
Smallest of solid components of blood
Synthesized in red marrow
Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes
Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

19. 2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system
Thrombocytes
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system

20. Types of White Cells… Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Granuloccyte
formed in the
bone marrow
Phagocytize
bacteria
Granulocyte
Formed in the
Increase in
numbers in
allergic conditions,
malaria and in
worm infestation.
Produce heparin
an anitcoagulant
Count increases
during chronic
inflammation and
during healing
from infection.
Agranulocyte absence of cytoplasmic granules formed in lymph glands, nodes and bone marrow.
B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte Protect against cancer cells.
Assist in
phagocytosis
leave blood
vessels and
attach themselves
to tissues, during
infection they help
to wall off and
isolate the infected
area
Agranulocyte

21. Life Span of Blood cells
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

22. Phagocytosis – process when white cells surround engulf, and digest harmful bacteria.

23. Inflammation
Start 
Pus produced a combination of dead tissue, dead and living bacteria, dead leukocytes and plasma
Body’s reaction to chemical or physical trauma. 
Histamine increases the blood flow to the injured area. 
Pathogenic disease producing microorganisms can cause inflammation.
Symptoms – redness, local heat, swelling and pain   
Why? Bacterial toxins, increase blood flow, collection of plasma in tissues – edema.

24. Inflammation

25. Inflammation Cont. Abscess Pus-filled cavity below the epidermis.
Pyrexia
Increase in body temperature by the hypothalamus in response to pathogenic invasion
Leukocytosis
Increase in the number of white cells in response to infection
Leukopenia
Decrease in number of white cells due to chemotherapy or radiation

26. Test your gray matter… Diapedesis Pyrexia NACL and K+ Plasma
Leukocytes have the ability to squeeze through the intercellular spaces of capillary walls to fight infection in neighboring tissues. This process is called?
What condition exists when O2 is crowded out of the hemoglobin ,eventually depriving cells of their O2 supply, that is sometimes fatal?
When there is inflammation in the body, chemical substances travel to the hypothalamus, causing the body temperature to increase. What is the medical term for this condition?
The liquid portion of the blood without cellular components is called:
Which of the following is not a plasma protein? Hemoglobin, fibrinogen, albumin or globulin
What are two important electrolytes found in blood plasma?
Diapedesis
Carbon Monoxide poisoning
Pyrexia
NACL and K+
Plasma
Hemoglobin

27. Protein and iron Leukocyte Erythrocyte Fight infection Carry oxygen
What type of blood is bioconcave and shaped somewhat like a donut?
Hemoglobin is composed of:
What type of blood cell can be granular, agranular, translucent or ameboid in shape?
Which of the following is an example of a leukocyte?
Platelet, Prothrombin, Neutrophil, Antibody
The main function of leukocytes is to:
The main function of erythrocytes is to:
The medical term for platelet is:
The average adult usually carries how many quarts of blood?
Erythrocytes contain all of the following elements EXCEPT: The RH factor, Phagocytosis, Hemoglobin, Oxyhemoglobin
Protein and iron
Leukocyte
Erythrocyte
Fight infection
Carry oxygen
Thrombocyte
Phagocytosis
4-5

28. Fibrinogen and prothrombin are blood proteins that are necessary for:
WBC destroy bacteria by surrounding, engulfing, and digesting the bacteria. What is the process called?
Why is arterial blood bright red?
Which of the following statements about prothrombin is NOT true? It is a part of the clotting process
It is dependent on Vit. K, It is manufactured in the liver, It is the smallest of the blood cells
Because they carry oxyhemoglobin
Blood Clotting
It is the smallest of the blood cells
Phagocytosis