1. AP Music Theory Mr. Silvagni
Modulations
AP Music Theory
Mr. Silvagni

2. Mode Mixture
Mode mixture is the harmonic technique of combining chords from a major key and the parallel minor, or mixing the parallel major in a minor key
Most common is using V dominant in minor instead of the diatonic v
Picardy third – when a piece in minor ends with a I instead of i

3. Modulation
Modulation – moving from one tonal center to another, with or without changing the key signature
Temporary tonicization – a region of a new key or experience a temporary sense of a new tonic by the occurrence of one or two non-diatonic chords, while not completely modulating

4. Modulation Establish the first key The modulation device
The establishment of the new tonal center

5. Closely Related Keys

6. Closely Related Keys

7. Closely Related Keys

8. Types of Modulation
Common Chord or Pivot Modulation – modulation within a phrase using a common chord
Common chord is diatonic to both keys
Common chord is frequently ii or IV in the new key
Common chord is where tonality shifts (pivots) and is usually the chord just before an accidental
New key is established with authentic cadence shortly after modulation
Analyze music before modulation in original key and music after in new key

9. Types of Modulation
Direct Modulation – any time of modulation that that does not use a common chord
Chromatic Modulation – occurs within a phrase using a chromatically altered note in the same voice; abruptly shifts from one key to another at the accidental and cadences in new key
Phrase Modulation – occurs between phrases; new phrase begins in a new key

10. Modulations Major to relative minor is very common modulation
Modulation to dominant and subdominant are also common
Smoothest common chord modulations use predominant function chords to pivot
Modulation may also be made through secondary dominant chords
Look for scales or scale patterns to mark new tonal centers
Remember to look for a convincing cadence and significant time in the new key…otherwise it may not be a modulation
Notate the common chord in both keys then switch roman numerals to new key