1. LAN Chapter 5
Protocols

2. IP Planning
An IP address contains 32 bits or total of 4 octets (32\8).
Each bit of the 32 bits can be a member of one and only one of the following sections:
Network
Host
Subnet

3. IP Planning What is the Network Section?
A group Identifier (compare to area code number)
How many bits should be under the Network section?
Depends on the size of the organization
Depending on the size of the organization and potential growth, one of the following classes can be obtained from the InterNIC Organization: A, B, or C.
8 bits
16 bits
24 bits

4. IP Planning What is the Host Section?
Group of individuals within the same network.
How many bits should belong to the host section?
32 – Network bits
How many hosts can a Network have?
(2 ^ Number of host bits ) - 2

5. IP Planning What is Subnetting? Why do we need it? Who does it?
Process of subdividing a single class of network into multiple, smaller networks.
Why do we need it?
Organization, Control, and Ease of management.
Who does it?
The Network Administrator of the organization.

6. IP Planning How is Subnetting Done? How many bits should I borrow?
Borrow bits from the host section and move them to the “Subnet” section.
How many bits should I borrow?
Depends on how many subnets you want to create (this figure is determined by your organization’s needs and structure)

7. IP Planning What are the rules? Number of subnets created =
2 ^ (Number of bits borrowed from the host section)
Number of subnets Available =
2 ^ (Number of bits borrowed from the host section) – 2
Number of hosts created per subnet =
2 ^ (Number of bits remaining under the host section)
Number of hosts available per subnet =
2 ^ (Number of bits remaining from the host section) – 2

8. IP Planning Why are we loosing 2? What is a network Identifier
Network Broadcast Address.
What is a network Identifier
The first IP address in a network, Known as the cable identifier, Represents the entire network, All host bits are turned off (0s).
What is a Broadcast Address?
The last IP address in a network, used to communicate with all the hosts in the network, All host bits are turned On (1s).

9. IP Planning What are some of the problems associated with Subnetting?
Loosing IPs.
The outside world does not have any knowledge of our Subnetting plan.
How can we fix those two problems?
Loosing IPs.  Router Configuration.
Subnetting Plan.  Subnetmask

10. IP Planning How is it written? What is Default Subnetmask?
All bits under the network and subnetwork sections are turned on (1s).
What is Default Subnetmask?
The subnet mask that will be used if you do not specify one in your TCP/IP configuration.
for Class A
for Class B
for Class C