1. Research – the good, the bad & the ugly
Chapter 2.1

2. Types of Research Naturalistic observation Case study Survey
Longitudinal study
Cross-sectional study
Correlations and Explanations
Experiment

3. Naturalistic Observation
Watching subjects in their natural environment
Record only observable behaviors
Key: Do not be obvious

4. Survey
Interviews
Questionnaires

5. Longitudinal Studies Studying the same group for several years
Determining whether behavior and/or feeilngs have changes

6. Cross-Sectional Studies
Organize individuals into groups based on age
Groups are randomly samples
Members are surveyed, tested, or observed

7. Correlations & Explanations
Observe people or animals
Record observations in a descriptive study
Correlation – how two sets of data relate to each other
Positive correlation – both items increase or decrease together
Negative correlation – as one item increases, the other item decreases
No correlation – both items are unrelated

8. Positive Correlation

9. Negative Correlation

10. No Correlation

11. Experiment
A test done on a group to determine something that is unknown
All experiments have:
Hypothesis
Variables
Experimental group
Control group

12. Types of Research Naturalistic observation Case study Survey
Longitudinal study
Cross-sectional study
Correlations and Explanations
Experiment

13. samples
A small group from a total population

14. Types of samples
Random sample – each individual has an equal chance of being in the sample
Stratified sample – all subgroups are equally represented in the sample