1. Are you work ready? Lanyard on Coats off
Phones on silent and put away to avoid distractions
Only water on tables please
Notebook and pen
Positive learning attitude and ownership
No leaving the lesson unless you have been given permission
Punctuality

2. Year 1 Creative Media Production
Editing
Year 1 Creative Media Production

3. A Bright Start…
You are currently on a 2 year Vocational Course in Creative Media Production. The aim of the course is to give you the necessary skills and technology knowledge to allow you to enter into the Media Industry as a young Creative. Given this, on your own, answer the following question… What is the job and role of the Film Editor?

4. The Role of the Editor
The Editor works closely with the Director, crafting the daily rushes into a coherent whole. To ensure that the story flows effortlessly from beginning to end, each shot is carefully chosen and edited into a series of scenes, which are in turn assembled to create the finished film. The Editor works closely with the Director before shooting begins, deciding how to maximise the potential of the screenplay. Editors check the technical standards, as well as the emerging sense of story, and the actors' performances. Because scenes are shot and edited out of sequence, Editors may work on scenes from the end of the film before those at the beginning, and must therefore be able to maintain a good sense of how the story is unfolding. Editors work long, unsociable hours, often under pressure, in an edit suite. They are employed on a freelance basis by the Producer, based on their reputation and experience.

5. Editing: Overview

6. Editing: Overview
Editing a Media Product (such as a film or television programme) involves selecting and combining shots into sequences and combining these sequences to create a finished product.
This deliberate process helps create the fictional world and to create meaning in the product. Good editing is a critical element in getting the audience to understand the product’s story as well as creating or enhancing mood, emotion and character.

7. The Editing Process
The most common type of editing that takes place in virtually all mainstream Media Products is… Continuity Editing Within this type of editing, the action flows smoothly across shots and scenes without jarring visual inconsistencies. By editing the shots in a logical and Narrative order, the Editor establishes a sense of story for the Audience.

8. Types of Editing Transitions
When the Editor is thinking about which shot to choose, they might find that the Director filmed one piece of action from a number of different positions or angles. Because of this, an Editor can choose to connect scenes in a number of ways. The most common transitions they can use include:
Straight cut
Fade in/out
Dissolve/Cross dissolve
Wipe cut
Jump cut
Matched cut
Montage
These transitions affect the pace and mood of the scene and how the sense of the film is communicated to the audience.

9. Some Types of Cutting
Straight cut A visual transition created in editing in which one shot is instantaneously replaced on screen by another. Fade In/Out A visual transition between shots or scenes that appears on screen as a brief interval with no picture. The editor fades one shot to black and then fades in the next. Often used to indicate a change in time and place. Dissolve/Cross Dissolve A gradual scene transition. The editor overlaps the end of one shot with the beginning of the next one.

10. Some Types of Cutting
Wipe cut Visible on screen as a bar travelling across the frame pushing one shot off and pulling the next shot into place. Jump cut A cut that creates a lack of continuity by leaving out parts of the action. Matched cut A cut joining two shots whose compositional elements match, helping to establish strong continuity of action. Montage Scenes whose emotional impact and visual design are achieved through the editing together of many brief shots.

11. Edgar Wright’s Shaun of the Dead features a range of interesting edits, particularly in relation to Montage and the collapse of time. In approximately two minutes of footage, the Audience see protagonist Shaun get ready for work and prepare his breakfast, all the while having a conversation with one of his irate housemates…

12. Example Edit Extract: Kill Bill Vol. 1
Over to You…
Putting it altogether...
Example Edit Extract: Kill Bill Vol. 1
(Quentin Tarantino, 2003)

13. Kill Bill Vol. 1
You are to watch the Elle Driver sequence from Kill Bill. While watching it, identify all of the different types of editing transitions that director Tarantino deploys within the sequence.

14. Editing and Kill Bill Vol. 1
The sequence begins with a series of Straight Cuts (in the format of Continuity Editing) as Ellie Driver walks down the hospital corridor. It could be argued, given the number of close-ups that Tarantino affords the character of Driver that this walk through the hospital corridor could also be a Montage, albeit a very brief one.

15. Editing and Kill Bill Vol. 1
Once the camera has left Driver to change into her nurse disguise, the camera continues forward to look in on The Bride. Instead of cutting to a close-up of the character, Tarantino deploys a simple Cross Dissolve.

16. Editing and Kill Bill Vol. 1
Once the cross dissolve is complete, Tarantino’s camera continues forward until the screen is filled with a close up of The Bride’s face. He then deploys a Wipe Cut to create a split screen...

17. Editing and Kill Bill Vol. 1
Once the screen is fully split, Tarantino creates a dual Montage of images on both sides of the screen: The Bride, helpless in her coma while Driver changes into her nurse disguise and fills a syringe with poison.

18. Editing and Kill Bill Vol. 1
To bring the film back into Continuity Editing, Tarantino deploys another Wipe Cut. The sequence continues thereon with Straight Cuts/Continuity Editing.

19. Editing Effects

20. Technique: Ellipsis
Ellipsis is a common procedure in Film and Television Narrative, where movement and action unnecessary to the telling of a Story will often be removed by editing. For example… …There would be no need to show a character standing up from a chair and walking the length of a room to open a door. Instead, the character may be shown standing up from the chair and then in the next cut - normally viewed from a different angle, or with a cutaway shot in between, necessary to smooth over the gap - they would have already crossed the room and be over by the door.

21. Edit Pace
This is a simple concept: Edit Pace refers to the speed at which the edit takes place. This can be a… Slow pace (for example in a conversation) or a fast pace (for example in a fight or car chase sequence) Basically, the pace (or speed) of the edit will try and create emotion within the viewer – so calm for a conversation but tension and excitement for the fight or car chase.

22. Example Edit Extract: Extending Time xXx (Rob Cohen, 2002)

23. Over to You…
Editing and Primeval

24. Editing and Primeval
You are to watch the extract from the ITV series Primeval. While watching it, make clear notes, using the correct terminology, on the editing that takes place within the sequence. Use these notes to answer the questions on the next slide …

25. Editing and Primeval
Did the pace of the edit change at any time? If it did where and when? Why did it do this? What emotions did this stimulate within the audience?
Is there a Montage in the sequence? If so, where? Or is it just Continuity Editing all the way through?
Where in the sequence was time collapsed? What technique did the Editor use to collapse time? How did sound function in relation to the imagery in this sequence of collapsed time?
Did the camera perform any edits? Meaning did, at any point, the camera alter its shot type and so move fluidly from one shot type to another? If it did, where and when? What meanings did this create within the sequence?

27. Hitchcock and Nolan Film Directors and Editing

28. Alfred Hitchcock

29. Hitchcock and Editing
Alfred Hitchcock is universally considered to be one of the greatest Film Directors of all time. In part, this accolade is bestowed upon him because of his skill in the Editing Room. Through a focussed knowledge of shot type and editing technique, Hitchcock was able to create some of the most memorable and (for their time) disturbing sequences in Film History. In this documentary extract, Hitchcock explains editing from his perspective as a Film Director and how the juxtaposition of shot can create new meanings for the Audience…

30.
Hitchcock and Editing

31. The Murder of Marion Crane
Psycho
Hitchcock is well regarding for a number of Films. Perhaps, out of all of these Films, he is best known for Psycho. As a masterpiece of filmmaking, Psycho features one of the greatest Montages in cinema history – the murder of Marion Crane…

32. Psycho and the Cross Dissolve
At the end of the sequence, the water/blood running down the plug hole Cross Dissolves to a close up of Marion’s eye. The camera then spirals outward to further reveal Marion’s corpse. Why did Hitchcock use a Cross Dissolve and why is his camera spiralling outward in the shot of Marion?

33. The final shot of the Montage gives the Audience an insight into how Hitchcock wishes them to feel about the tragedy of her death, the camera mimicking the movement of the water down the plughole as it swirls outwards from her eye; a wasted life, washing down the drain. As the final shot lingers on Marion the Audience notice the tiny droplets of water close to her eye, tears that she was never able to cry, showing her remorse at the decisions that brought her here to the floor of the Bates’ Motel bathroom and her sorrow that she will never be able to absolve her guilt for the crime she has herself committed.

34. The Playground Sequence The Birds https://www. youtube. com/watch
The Playground Sequence The Birds How is tension created in this sequence? What simple editing techniques does Hitchcock use to create a sense of foreboding in the scene?

35. Here is the Final Storyboard for the Playground Sequence: the intentions of the edit are clearly pre-planned at this stage…

36. The Crop Duster Sequence
North by Northwest

37. Christopher Nolan

38. Christopher Nolan
Christopher Nolan is an A List Hollywood Film Director whose films include Inception, Interstellar and the Christian Bale Batman Trilogy. While much can be said about Nolan as a stylistic director, one of the most important facets of his productions is the use of editing within them. For the most part, Nolan’s films will (at some point) want to tell different stories at the same time. In order to do this, Nolan consistently employs the Parallel Edit technique to communicate the idea that multiple events are occurring at exactly the same time. Perhaps the best example of this is the closing sequence of Inception…

39. Parallel Editing
Parallel Editing (also know as Cross Cutting) is the editing technique of alternating two or more scenes that often happen simultaneously but in different locations. If the scenes are simultaneous, they will often culminate in a single place, where the relevant parties confront each other.

40. The Van Tumble Sequence
Inception

41. Over to You… You are to create your own Parallel Edit Concept.
To do this, you are too…
Develop an idea in which two events are happening at the same time.
Plot these two events out in bullet point format
Combine these two events into a bullet point list, integrating each story with other in order to create the Parallel Edit.
An example is on the next slide…

42. Paper Parallel Edit Example
Van Tumble Sequence Inception
STORY
ACTION
Story A
Joseph GL in hotel room; looks around then stumbles…
Story B
White Van swerves across the lanes of traffic. Motorcycle pulls up and the cyclist shots at Yusuf.
Joseph GL takes off jacket, closes brief case and goes out into hotel corridor. He walks down the corridor, tilting and stumbling as he does so…
The White Van swerves across the lanes of traffic again in order to avoid further gunfire from the motorcyclist…

43. Paper Edit Extension Task
For the next part of the Paper Edit Task, you are going to be paired up with a Peer from the other Group… Working together, try and integrate your four different narratives into a continuous and logical sequence in which the four storylines are all being communicated at the same time…

44. Feedback