2. What is the story? 2 3 1
Ask the learners to arrange the pictures according to how they would put them in order. The activity may be done by groups or individually.
Ask volunteers to share and explain their answers to the class. Their answers will establish/determine their level of understanding on the concepts climate change, global warming, and greenhouse effect. 4 5 6

3. Climate Change puzzle 3 5 1
The correct answer is 3,5,1,2,4,6. The puzzle demystifies greenhouse effect, global warming, and climate change. Basically, it explains how climate change happens.
The first picture shows how the heat from the sun’s rays is trapped by a layer of gas in the Earth’s atmosphere. This is called the Greenhouse Effect.
As more heat is trapped, Earth abnormally warms as shown in the second picture. This phenomenon is called Global Warming.
Earth gets warmer and warmer causing drought. The third picture shows a field in drought with wilted plants.
The fourth picture shows intense evaporation as encouraged by an abnormal heat on Earth.
As evaporation is sped up, all processes involved in the water cycle speeds up and intensifies. The fifth picture shows happy heavy clouds indicating intensified condensation and precipitation.
Lastly, as precipitation intensifies, wet seasons are also intensified bringing heavy rains and typhoons. These occurrences harm the plants as shown in the 6th picture.
Such changes in climatic conditions refer to Climate Change. 2 4 6

4. Ito ay proseso kung saan ang init na dala ng araw ay sinisipsip ng mga greenhouse gases (GHGs) sa atmosphere at binubuga sa lahat ng direksyon.
Ang mainit na enerhiyang ito ay binubuga pabalik sa Earth para bigyan ito ng sapat na init.
The Earth needs enough heat from the sun to sustain life. Usually, the heat from the sun passes through the atmosphere to the Earth and radiates some of it to space. However, the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere absorbs and traps the heat from the sun’s rays so that most of it is emitted back to the Earth. This is called the greenhouse effect.
Analogy: The greenhouse is a structure made of plastic or glass roof and walls where plants are kept inside it. It is built to trap the desired heat from the sun to promote the growth of the plants. The plastic or glass roof and walls are like the greenhouse gases that absorb and trap the heat from the sun to warm the plants more.

5. Ang sobrang pag-init na ito ay tinatawag na Global Warming.
Dahil sobra ang greenhouse gases (GHGs) sa atmosphere, kinukulong nito ang init at binubuga pabalik sa Earth upang lalo itong painitin.
Ang sobrang pag-init na ito ay tinatawag na Global Warming.
The heat energy that is supposed to be radiated back to space is trapped by the GHGs and emitted back to the Earth’s surface. This warms the Earth more.

6. Ang Global Warming ay nagdudulot ng Climate Change
Ang Global Warming ay nagdudulot ng Climate Change
Climate Change—ang abnormal na pagbabago ng panahon
Ang pagtaas ng temperature ay isa sa mga hudyat ng pagbabago ng klima
When Earth warms, climatic systems change. That is why we feel a lot of changes in weather patterns. For example, in late February, heat is starting to be felt in most parts of the Philippines. Now, the weather has become cold until mid-March.
The next slide will explain how heat can influence such changes.

7. Ito ay nagdudulot ng mas madalas na pag- ulan.
Dahil sa sobrang init, mas mabilis ang pagsingaw ng tubig or evaporation sa atmosphere.
Ito ay nagdudulot ng mas madalas na pag- ulan.
Ask the students to try to recall the water cycle from their science class.
The water cycle has four stages: evaporation and transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and collection. Evaporation is when the sun heats up water in rivers, oceans, etc. and turns it onto vapor or steam. The water vapor leaves the river or ocean and goes into the air. Transpiration occurs in plants where plants “sweat” and lose water out of their leaves into the air. Water vapor in the air gets cold and changes back into liquid, forming clouds. This is called condensation. When so much water has condensed, precipitation occurs in the form of rain. Rain water falls back to the Earth and collected in bodies of water.
When Earth heats up, evaporation and transpiration speeds up, and so is the rest of the stages in the water cycle. This causes more rains or precipitation to occur.

8. ANONG NANGYAYARI KUNG SOBRANG MAINIT ANG TUBIG?
Moreover, too much heat can raise up the sea level. Imagine water brought to a boil. As it heats up, its water level rises.

9. Nakapagdudulot ito ng pagtaas ng tubig-dagat, pagbaha, at madalas na pagbagyo

10. Ano sa tingin nyo ang epekto ng CLIMATE CHANGE sa pagpapalay
Ask the students to imagine the effects of climate change to farming, especially on rice production, considering the manifestations mentioned in the previous slides. Call up volunteers.
You may alternatively do this as a 10-minute activity. Divide students into groups of five or three. On half a paper, let them write the manifestations of climate change such as sea-level rise, intense rains, frequent typhoons, and El Nino or increase in temperature. Then, opposite the list they made, ask them to write their possible effects on rice production.
For example, El Ninodrought, dried rice plants; sea-level rise salt water intrusion that can cause death of rice plants; intense rainsflooded plants, low rice yield; frequent typhoonslodging of rice plants, low rice yield.
Ask representatives to share their lists to the class. Their answers can be as simple as these, depending on their knowledge level. There are no right or wrong answers.

11. A slight increase in temperature can already bring a considerable loss in yield. Low rice supply along with increasing demand not only affects food security but also the economy of the country. The next slides will show how climate change can affect rice yields.

12. Kulang ang suplay ng tubig na kailangan ng palay
Ang tagtuyot o drought ay nakaaapekto sa bilang ng suwi, taas ng palay, bilang ng butil, at laman ng butil
Lumalakas ang pagpapawis ng mga tanim or transpiration na nagdudulot ng pagkatuyo ng ilang parte ng tanim
Increase in temperature can cause drought. Drought affects all stages of rice growth and development. Frequent drought reduces water supply which leads to reduction of panicle exsertion and spikelet fertility. In other words, growth and development of grains is affected by the lack of water.
Moreover, drought increases the amount of water needed for plant transpiration drying up the plant, and risks the development of grains.

13. Noong 2010, nagkaroon ng “moderate to strong El Niño” sa Pilipinas
Ang pinakamatinding El Niño na naranasan ng Pilipinas ay noong
Noong 2010, nagkaroon ng “moderate to strong El Niño” sa Pilipinas
Inaasahan din ang El Niño sa huling bahagi ng 2014.
The most significant drought occurrence was in El Nino event which brought considerable yield decline in rice. Recently, El Nino is being felt in the country.

14.
Ang pagtaas ng tubig dagat ay nagdudulot ng pag- alat ng lupa na sanhi rin ng pagbaba ng ani
Rising sea level may amplify soil salinity and displace areas for crop production. Salt water intrusion decreases the productivity of the soil.

15.
As the increase in temperature intensifies rainfall due to increased evaporation rate, typhoons become more likely to occur. Sea-level rise and typhoons can cause flooding that poses a great risk in rice production. Rice plants at flowering stage will be at risk to flooding. It is highly unlikely to recover destroyed flowering rice plants from floods.
Marami ang nasasalantang pananim dahil sa madalas na pag-ulan, bagyo, at pagbaha na dala ng sobrang init

16. Altered wind patterns may change the spread of wind-borne pests, bacteria, and fungi that are agents of crop disease. Thus, rice diseases such as rice blast, sheath, and culm blight could become more widespread.
Ang pagbago ng ihip ng hangin ay nagdudulot ng mga sakit sa palay gaya ng rice blast, sheath, at culm blight na sanhi ng pagbaba ng ani

17. } Natural na salik Natural na mga proseso
hindi natin kontrolado
Natural na salik
Natural na mga proseso
Gawain ng mga tao (malawakang pagputol ng mga kahoy, makinarya na nagbubuga ng usok, agrikultura, etc.)
Several factors contribute to Climate Change. Recent studies show that natural Earth processes are contributors to Climate Change, though little. We have not much control on such factors and processes.
Human activities such as environment-hostile agricultural practices lead to increases in GHGs including carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide which contribute to greenhouse effect and cause the surface temperature of the Earth to rise.
Some agricultural practices emit methane and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere. Rice production contributes to climate change.

18. Ang pagpapalay ay nakapagdudulot ng pagtaas ng temperatura
Ang pagpapalay ay nakapagdudulot ng pagtaas ng temperatura
May mga ginagawa sa bukid na nakapagpadagdag ng GHG sa atmosphere. Ang methane (CH4) at carbon dioxide (CO2) ay mga GHGs na nagmumula sa pagpapalay. Ang CH4 ay mas malakas sumipsip ng init kaysa sa CO2.
Some rice production practices increase methane emission. Methane absorbs more heat than carbon dioxide.
Basically, a flooded field contributes to methane emission. Flooding a rice field cuts off the oxygen supply from the atmosphere to the soil which causes anaerobic (without oxygen) fermentation of organic matter in the soil. Methane is produced from anaerobic fermentation. Fields that remain flooded for the entire growing season have more potential for methane emission than fields that are drained or permitted to dry at least once during season.

19. Mga nakapagdudulot ng CH4 sa atmosphere:
Water management, fertilizer application, and soil type are some of the factors that affect methane emission.
As already mentioned, flooded soil is prerequisite to sustained emissions of methane. Rice environments with unsteady supply of water have lower methane emission potential than irrigated rice.
Applying chemical and organic inputs such as urea, rice straw, animal manure, and green manure generally increases methane emissions. However, this can be regulated depending on the quantity, quality, and timing of fertilizer application. Water management and temperature may reduce or amplify the effect of fertilizer inputs on methane emission. The proper timing and application of fertilizer will be discussed in Lesson 2b.
Methane emission is higher in heavy clay soils than in porous soils such as sandy, loamy sand, etc. because the latter can easily be infiltrated with water. Floodwater cannot be retained longer in clayey or fine-textured soils.
Paglalagay ng abono—ang mga kemikal na abono, organikong pataba gaya ng dayami at dumi ng hayop ay nagbubuga ng CH4 depende sa dami at tiyempo
Pamamahala sa tubig—ang palayan na laging binabaha or pinapatubigan ay nakapagdudulot ng mataas na CH4
Uri ng lupa—mataas ang CH4 sa heavy clay soils kumpara sa mga mabuhangin o sandy soils. Ang mga mabuhangin na lupa ay madaling pasukan ng tubig

20. Adaptation MitigationVS
There are two ways to manage the effects of climate change: adaptation or mitigation.

21. Adaptation MitigationVS
ang adaptasyon (o pakikibagay) ang kakayahan ng isang sistema na pakibagayan ang pabagu-bagong panahon upang mapangasiwaan ang maaaring maidulot na pinsala, at kayanin ang anumang kahihinatnan ng pabagu-bagong klima.
Adaptation is an adjustment in ecological, social, and economic systems in response to climate stimuli and their effects. In other words, processes, actions, etc. are adjusted to better cope with, manage, or adjust to some changing conditions, stress, hazards, or risks.

22. Adaptation MitigationVS
ang mitigasyon naman ang anumang aksyon upang tuluyang iwasan o bawasan ang pangmatagalang panganib ng pabagu-bagong klima sa buhay ng tao at mga bagay sa mundo.
Mitigation is a human intervention or action aimed to lower the level of GHGs in the atmosphere or enhance the practices that store or keep away GHGs from being released to the atmosphere. Trees, for example, are carbon sinks that store carbon dioxide instead of being emitted to the atmosphere.