1. Creating the Culture of British North America
Ch. 4
1689 to 1754

2. Britain's Colonies: 32 colonies in N.A. The THIRTEEN:
would develop a unique "American" way of life
would fuse with a more common culture:
language
religion
values

3. Key Questions
From 1689 to 1754 there was a shift in the lives and thinking of British North Americans.
What caused this shift?
How did it shape the “thinking” of British North Americans and the British crown?
How did slavery continue to develop in the colonies during this time?
What other developments contributed to this shift?

4. Key Answers
From 1689 to 1754 there was a shift in the lives and thinking of British North Americans.
The shift was caused by changing views the British and “Americans” and their relationship to the crown
New ways of thinking about individual/natural rights and distrust in the crown
Slavery became embedded in the culture, systematic and codified
Changing social class systems and religious movements also contributed
Wars

5. Criticism of the Colonial Government:
The Zenger Trial:
“Free” press
"The truth is an absolute defense against libel"

6. The Glorious Revolution, 1689
fading of the “divine” right of the king
established that “the people” should decide
created the idea of the rights of “Englishmen”
supported by the ideas of John Locke
natural rights
government by social contract

7. What Impact Did the Glorious Revolution Have in the American Colonies?
The Dominion of New England was “disbanded”
allowed to separate
Uprisings
New York
Maryland
New religious freedoms and new persecutions
New social order:
colonial elite, military authority

8. Establishing Social Stability
Post Bacon’s Rebellion:
elite concluded that there must be stratification:
landowning elite
landowning
non-landowning whites
indentured servants
African slaves
African slave population increased as indentures decreased
establishment of slave codes

9. Africans Became African Americans

10. Infamous Triangular Trade

11. The Slave Trade: Origins

12. The Slave Trade: The Middle Passage

13. The Slave Trade: The Middle Passage

14. The Slave Trade: Seasoning

15. The Slave Trade: Seasoning

16. The Slave Trade: The Sale

17. Slavery Changed Over Time
traced from your mother
generational
race based
became a Southern socio-economic institution
separated lower class whites from slaves
based in the agricultural economy
driven by profit

18. Fear Was A Dominant Motive
Fear Of
Witchcraft
Salem,
Slave uprisings
Stono, 1739
New York, 1741
Indian Raids, ongoing
Resulted in a need to “control”
women
African (Americans)

19. The Colonial Economy Rich ports including Caribbean trade
Mercantilism dominated
raw materials shipped to England
finished goods shipped to the colonies
English Ships Only
(Navigation Acts 1660)
forbid trade with France, Holland and Spain
frustrated the colonists
resorted to “black market” trade
Inter-colonial trade
including ideas - unifying

20. Religious Decline Late 1600s to 1700s
Anglican church was government supported “official” church
Loss of Puritan “zeal”
Anti-Catholic, Anti-Jewish

21. The Great Awakening: The Revival
rebirth
Jonathon Edwards
preached the concept of "grace" with emotion
new vs. old lights
removed the concept of the "elect"
encouraged denominational competition
1st mass movement of Americans
influenced higher education

22. Religious Revival: The Great Awakening

23. World Conflicts Localized
Struggle for:
control of Europe
control of the seas
trading rights in the colonies
Anglo-French Colonial Wars:
King William's War
Queen Anne's War
War of Jenkins' Ear
King George's War
Sets a tone for colonists

24. HOW WILL THE COLONIES RESPOND?
ALBANY CONGRESS

25. THE ALBANY CONGRESS: 1754 Organized by the British
Unified the colonists
Appeased the Native Americans
allied with the Iroquois Nation (bribery)

26. Albany Congress
Established Benjamin Franklin as a colonial political leader
Proposed:
General President
Council appointed by the colonial assemblies
Franklin's plan was not ratified
Crown ordered colony to meet and form a militia

27. The Most American American

28. Conclusions 1607-1754: An era of transition
Rise of English Parliament establishes “the people’s” role
Enlightenment and “Great Awakening” changed thinking
Creation of the “institution” of American slavery
American economy creates “elite” and “middle” class
European wars unified British colonies