1. Chapter 4 The Union in Peril
Section 2
The Civil War Begins

2. Union and Confederate Forces Clash
Fort Sumter- 1st major event, won by Confederates. After start of war Virginia, Arkansas, N. Carolina, and Tennessee joined the South.

3. Strengths and Strategies
Union
Confederacy
More people
More factories
More railroads
Blockade the southern ports
Split the Confederacy in two with Mississippi River
Capture Richmond.
1st rate generals
“King Cotton”
Motivated Soldiers
Remain defensive only attack if it is a great opportunity.

4. Bull Run- 1st bloodshed, Confederates held strong, inspired by “General Stonewall Jackson”. Morale for the South soared.
Union Armies in the West-Went around to west for Mississippi River.
The War for Capitols- Robert E. Lee drove the Confederates towards D.C. to gain control, which lead to the Battle of Antietam, which was indecisive.

5. The Politics of War
Emancipation Proclamation- did not free slaves immediately, because it was only for slaves behind enemy lines. Was used as a war weapon, ensured compromise was not happening.
Both Sides Face Political Unrest (sympathizers)

6. Life During Wartime Conscription- draft to force men to fight
African Americans Fight For Freedom- 10% of the Union Army, faced segregation.
Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides- poor medical care, poor diet, disease, death
Women Work for War- Nurses. Most famous was Clara Barton who will start the Red Cross.
Economic Effects of War- left south in ruins. Income tax began.

7. Vocabulary
Fort Sumter
Sumter-Last stronghold of the Union in the South.
Bull Run
Run-Spot of first bloodshed on the battlefield.
Stonewall Jackson
Confederate general, led battle at Bull Run.
Ulysses S. Grant
Grant-Union general, led forces in the West.
Robert E. Lee
Lee-Led confederates in protecting Confederate capitol.
Antietam
Antietam-Creek where bloodiest battle in the war took place.
Emancipation Proclamation
Executive order ending slavery in the Union.
Conscription
The draft.
Clara Barton
Founded the American Red Cross.
Income Tax
A tax that takes a specified percentage of an individual’s income.