1. Welcome to Biology I Honors
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Welcome to Biology I Honors
Biology Begins!
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

2. Science! Packet #1 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Science!
Packet #1
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

3. Sunday, November 11, 2018
Science
Suppose you knew nothing about science. How would you explain how it rains?
Suppose someone did not believe your explanation. Could you prove that it is right?
Why or why not?
Since the beginning of time, people have been trying to explain natural events. Just as you may have ideas to explain that natural event, so have others over the years.
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

4. Science II The goal of science is to understand the world around us.
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Science II
The goal of science is to understand the world around us.
Science is derived from a Latin verb meaning to know
Science is a way of acquiring knowledge
A way of knowing
The central theme to this methodology is the testing of hypotheses--The Scientific Method
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

5. Biology Biology is the study of life.
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Biology
Biology is the study of life.
Describes patterns that we see in the world
Identifies a process or mechanism
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

6. The Scientific Method 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM
Sunday, November 11, 2018
The Scientific Method
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

7. Historical Information
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Historical Information
The scientific method was originated by the Greek philosophers [2600 years ago].  
Thales (ca 590 b.c.) is considered the founder of the scientific method.
The prime question they asked was.. "what differentiates living from non-living".
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

8. The Scientific Method Step by Step
Sunday, November 11, 2018
The Scientific Method Step by Step
Observing and Stating a Problem
Forming a hypothesis
Testing the Hypothesis
Recording and analyzing data
Forming a conclusion
Replicating the work
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

9. Sunday, November 11, 2018
Problem
The problem is a concise, scientific question that can be solved experimentally.
Best expressed as an “open-ended question.”
Question answered with a statement and not a yes or no answer
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

10. Sunday, November 11, 2018
Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a possible explanation, conclusion, or even a guess about some event in nature.
The hypothesis can reflect past experience and before selecting a final hypothesis, many should be proposed.
Should be in the form of an if-then statement
Reflects deductive and inductive reasoning.
How is the if-then statement developed?
Via the use of variables
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

11. Hypothesis III Variables
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Hypothesis III Variables
There are three types of variables
Independent Variable
This is the variable that you purposely change (manipulate)
Experiment should have only ONE independent variable
Dependent Variable
This is the variable that is being observed and changes in response to the independent variable
Controlled Variable
Variables that cannot be changed
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

12. Development of Hypothesis & Title
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Development of Hypothesis & Title
Remember, the hypothesis should be in an if-then format
If the IV does…..then the DV does….
Title of Experiment
The Effect of the IV on the DV
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

13. Controlled Variable vs. The Control
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Controlled Variable vs. The Control
Remember
The controlled variable is the variable that cannot be changed
A Control is a test in which the independent variable is kept constant in order to measure changes in the dependent variable.
The control is used for comparison purposes.
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

14. Testing the Hypothesis The Experiment
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Testing the Hypothesis The Experiment
Looking for evidence to support your hypothesis and not necessarily to prove it correct
The design of the experiment should be in a way that allows you, or other experimenters, repeat the experiment on multiple occasions.
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

15. Sunday, November 11, 2018
Record & Analyze Data
Scientist record their observations and hence create data
Charts & Graphs are used
Analysis of Data
Most data analysis is done via statistics
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

16. Sunday, November 11, 2018
Conclusion
A conclusion is a final proposition, which is arrived at after the consideration of evidence, arguments or premises
DNA was discovered by Watson and Crick through the process of science
Today, look at how extensive DNA is used in the world
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

17. Repeat Experiment Repeat experimental procedures.
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Repeat Experiment
Repeat experimental procedures.
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

18. Mathematics in Science
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Mathematics in Science
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

19. Mathematics in Science
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Mathematics in Science
The data recorded, during the experiment, has to be in a language that is understood by different individuals within the same field
A Universal Language
The Metric System (4 Parts--Fantastic Four)
Mass
Temperature
Volume
Length
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

20. Units of Measurements Prefixes that denote multiples of 10 Tera 1012
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Units of Measurements
Prefixes that denote multiples of 10
Tera 1012
Giga 109
Mega 106
Kilo 103
Centi 10-2
Milli 10-3
Micro 10-6
Nano 10-9
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

21. Measurements Continued Changing of prefixes
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Measurements Continued Changing of prefixes
When moving from large units to small units, we multiply
When moving from small units to large units, we divide
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

22. Mass The amount of matter in an object
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
Mass is measured in kilograms (kg).
1 kilogram = 1000 grams
1 gram = 1000 milligrams
1000 kilograms = 1 metric ton
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

23. Three Phases of Matter 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Three Phases of Matter
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

24. Mass vs. Weight Mass and weight are different Force
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Mass vs. Weight
Mass and weight are different
Force
The push or pull required to change the state of motion of an object
Gravitational Force
The force of attraction that every particle of mass in the universe exerts on every other particle
Weight is the pull of gravity on a body of mass
Weight is the force that gravity exerts on an object.
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

25. Sunday, November 11, 2018
Mass vs. Weight II
Mass is always constant regardless of where the mass is located in the universe
Weight changes depending on the amount of gravitational force
Block #2 & 4
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

26. Calculating Weight F = ma Force = mass * acceleration
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Calculating Weight
F = ma
Force = mass * acceleration
Weight is a measurement of force
W = mg
g = acceleration due to gravity
9.8 m/s2 ((10 m/s2))
Weight on other worlds
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

27. Sunday, November 11, 2018
Temperature
The degree of hotness or coldness of a body of mass or environment.
There are three scales of measurement
Celsius
The scale of choice
Fahrenheit
Kelvin
0 degrees = Absolute zero (lowest possible temperature that can be attained by cooling an object.
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

28. Calculating Temperature
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Calculating Temperature
Scales
Celsius
T (Celsius) = (5/9)*(T (Fahrenheit) -32)
Fahrenheit
T (Fahrenheit) = ((9/5) * (T (Celsius)) + 32
Kelvin (Absolute)
0 degrees = Absolute zero (lowest possible temperature that can be attained by cooling an object
= T (Celsius)
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

29. Volume The amount of space that a 3D object takes up
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Volume
The amount of space that a 3D object takes up
Volume is measured in liters
1 Liter = 1000 milliliters (mL)
1 Liter = 1000 cubic centimeters (cm³)
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

30. Sunday, November 11, 2018
Length
A linear measurement of an object, end-to-end; it is usually the longest dimension.
Length is measured in meters.
1 meter = 100 cm; 1 centimeter = 10 millimeters; 1 meter = 1000 millimeters; 1 meter = 1,000,000 micrometers; 1 meter = 1,000,000,000 nanometers
1 meter = 10,000,000,000 Angstroms
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

31. Review of the Steps 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Review of the Steps
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

32. Facts & Theories 11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM11/11/2018 11:56:39 PM
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Facts & Theories
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

33. Facts What is a fact? What are some types of facts?
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Facts
What is a fact?
Something that can be proved though observation
What are some types of facts?
Is it possible for a fact to change?
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

34. Sunday, November 11, 2018
Scientific Theory
In science, an explanation or model that covers a substantial group of occurrences in nature and has been confirmed by a substantial number of experiments and observations.
It has withstood the tests of time
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

35. Define Law of conservation of mass Law of conservation of energy
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008

36. Thought Question What do you think about this statement?
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Thought Question
What do you think about this statement?
A fact and a truth are the same!
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© Ryan Barrow 2008
© Ryan Barrow 2008