1. Design of Infrared thermography diagnostics For the WEST Project
1st IAEA Technical Meeting on
Fusion Data Processing, Validation and Analysis
Nice, 1st - 3rd of June 2015
Design of Infrared thermography diagnostics For the WEST Project
X. Courtois, MH. Aumeunier, Ph. Moreau, C. Balorin, H. Roche, M. Jouve, JM Travere, F. Micolon, C. Begat, M. Houry IRFM

2. OUTLINE Introduction IR views objectives & location
Design & performances
Cameras and signal processing
Conclusion
Introduction
IR views objectives & location
Design & performances
Cameras and signal processing
Conclusion

3. The WEST Project a major upgrade of Tore Supra
WEST (Tungsten (W) Environment for Steady State Tokamak) project:
Aims to transform TORE SUPRA configuration
carbon Limiter (2012) X-point, tungsten Divertor (2016)
Carbon
Tungsten
WEST + Tore Supra supra conductive magnets and actively cooled Plasma Facing Components
= capabilities of long pulse operation in a full metallic environment, high fluency (10 MW/m² steady state), H mode
=> Tore Supra is a unique facility as test bed for ITER W Divertor technology

4. OUTLINE Introduction IR views objectives & location
Design & performances
Cameras and signal processing
Conclusion

5. IR VIEWS & monitored Components
Objectives: Measure the surface temperature of Plasma Facing Components (PFC) In order to ensure their integrity and provide data for physics
Equatorial port
Wide Angle Tangential view
Endoscope optic front end
Upper divertor (W/Cu)
Upper port protection (W/Cu)
Antennae view
folded spherical mirror
Niche
Standard
divertor view
Inner wall (SS)
Outer wall (SS)
Antennae protection (W/CFC)
Bumper (W/CFC)
High resolution view
Lower divertor (full W)
Baffle (W/Cu)

6. IR VIEWS objectives & LOCATION (1/2)
7 endoscopes located in upper ports
7 Divertor Standard Views 100% divertor surface (with overlap)
field of view: 60° toroidal angle
endoscope location
ICRH Q4
LH C3
LH C4
Objectives:
RT protection of the divertor
Physics studies :
Plasma Wall Interactions
PFC behavior (dust deposition, ageing)
...
Spatial resolution <10 mm
ICRH Q1
ICRH Q2
Tokamak top view

7. IR VIEWS objectives & LOCATION (2/2)
5 Antennas views 3 ICRH & 2 LHCD => for RT protection Spatial resolution <10mm
1 Wide Angle tangential view (equatorial port)
=> temperature monitoring of upper divertor, upper port protections, a bumper
LH C3
LH C4
ICRH Q4
ICRH Q2
ICRH Q1
sas
mirror in Inner Protection panel
=> 14 IR views in total
1 Divertor High Resolution view (2 possible locations in free LoS) => Study gaps and leading edges => Redundancy with the standard views Spatial resolution <1mm
tokamak top view

8. OUTLINE Introduction IR views objectives & location
Design & performances
Cameras and signal processing
Conclusion

9. upper port endoscope OVERALL description
IR Cameras
NEW !
NEW !
Optical tube F 100 mm
3 optical lines
large FOV, water cooled
NEW !
Machine Flange
NEW
Head Optic front end + Heat load
NEW
Niche - Folded mirror - cooling plate

10. Optical Design and Performances
IR Wavelength Band
Expected range of Temperature (ε=0,2)
Time resolution
Pixel Projection (512x640 pix)
Expected resolution with real 95% true temp.
Standard Divertor view (x7) DESIGN COMPLETED
Antenna view via mirror (x5) DESIGN COMPLETED
High Resolution Divertor view DESIGN ONGOING
Wide Angle Tangential view DESIGN IN PROGRESS
[1 - 5µm] 1.7 µm
200°C °C
50 Hz full frame Multi Integration Time (high dynamic T° range)
2.8 mm
8 12
[1 - 5µm] 1.7 µm
300°C °C
50 Hz full frame Multi Integration Time (high dyn. T° range)
2 mm
6 24 mm @3.7µm
[ µm] 1.7 µm
250°C °C
250 Hz full frame 1 adaptive IT (reduced T° range)
0.7 mm
target
[1 - 5µm] 3.5 µm °C
350 Hz full frame 5kHz cropped frame 1 adaptive IT (reduced T° range)
> 10 mm
NA (high depth of field)

11. Standard divertor view (2 x 48° FoV)
Left and right views uses 2 optical lines
Optically combination on one detector frame
LEFT VIEW
STD DVT LEFT VIEW
RIGHT VIEW
Optical simulation:
SPEOS CAAV5 © CEA

12. standard divertor view Optical Design
~ 2000 mm
28 lenses (ZnSe, ZnS_Broad, Silicon, CAF2)
2 prisms
4 mirrors
2 tight sapphire windows
camera
Status :
Optical and Opto-mechanical design completed
Call for tender for Manufacturing in progress

13. ANTENNA VIEW SIMULATION
SPEOS CAAV5 ©CEA
Monte Carlo Ray tracing photonic simulation

14. Antenna view optical design
tight window
tight window and deflecting mirror
relay lenses
head optics
camera lens
~ 2200 mm
32 lenses (CAF2, Sapphire, AMTIR1, ZnS_Broad)
2 mirrors
2 tight sapphire windows
water cooled plate
Molybdenum or SS spherical mirror
Radius 250mm
Folded Mirror
Status :
Optical and Opto-mechanical design completed
Call for tender for Manufacturing in progress
Mirror: 2 prototypes under manufacturing (Molybdenum & SS)

15. High RES. divertor view (20° FoV)
The HR view uses the third optical line
Optical simulation
LEFT VIEW
RIGHT VIEW
SPEOS CAAV5 © CEA
512 pixels
640 pixels ≈ 430 mm
Strike points
HR VIEW
Status :
Design in progress

16. Tangential view preliminary design
Simpler design (more space available): mirrors in the vacuum vessel + tight window + camera lens
Camera + lens
Tight window
(sapphire)
Optical head
spherical mirror
Pupil hole f 3mm
plan mirror
Status :
Optical design completed
Opto-mechanical and Mechanical design in progress

17. In-situ test : Ir reference sources
IR sources located on antennas and on divertor views: => reference hot spot
check camera good working
adjust masks of Region Of Interest
Example of location on LH antenna
IR sources
Rugged & vacuum resistant
5 W
900°C @ emissivity = 0.8
Ni filament
3.5 mm
Alumina 3V

18. OUTLINE Introduction IR views objectives & location
Design & performances
Cameras and signal processing
Conclusion

19. Global Data Processing Architecture
RT Monitoring and interfaces with external systems
DOLPHIN RT network
WEST database + IR server
Other Diag. data
Wall Monitoring System
Tmax , ROI Alarm + Arc detection + Reflection assessment
Plasma Control System
Wall Monitoring system
Chrono signals
Optic fibre Ethernet 64MB/s x3
 IR luminance video stream
+ Tmax & alarm / Region Of Interest
Interlock system
RT basic data processing & Acquisition system
RT Works
 IR data (lossless compression)
Copper link
PXI Express
(5 identical units)
Chrono board
PXIe / PCIe extender
3 x 64 MB/s
Raw DL + Temperature + ROI data
IR acquisition Unit
RS232
GPIO
3 FPGA boards Acquisition + RT processing
Acquisition PC
>500 GB Local data storage
(+screen in Control Room)
Cam. Link
Optical Transceiver
Data capture (Cameras)
Camera Link
Cameras
Optical Transceiver
Optical fibre
TokamakWEST
RS232
power supply
GPIO

20. Home-made IR cameras
IRFM experience in camera assembling for harsh environment (B +T°) :
On the shelf InSb detector
spectral range : 1,5µm – 5,0µm
640x512 pixels, Pitch : 15µm
250 Hz acquisition full frame
Camera Link video format
Multi Integration Time (up to 6 IT)
IRFM Design
Thermalized filter
Soft iron magnetic shielding
Rugged power supply
Water cooling control
Optical Camera Link transceivers
12 home-made cameras
Customised features, affordable cost
Detector procurement in progress
Camera design done
Status:
Bi-spectral camera, HgCdTe 3.5 & 4.5 mm 640x512 pix
Fast camera, InSb 1-5 mm 640x Hz
Others available cameras:

21. FPGA boarD “Central” Hardware component
Functions:
Camera basic functions:
Detector local board control
Data calibration & corrections (Bad Pixel Replacement, NUC,...)
RT Multi Integration-Time processing (up to 6 IT)
Data acquisition and storage on PC (PXIe bus)
Real time data processing:
Region Of Interest processing: Temperature threshold alarm -> Interlock system hard output
Hot spot detection,
Spatial and temporal filtering
RT Data throughput to WMS (Ethernet)
Under procurement
Code development (VHDL) in progress
Status:
Reuse of former developments on similar FPGA boards :
Monitore Project (IRREEL diag) : algorithms for thermal events smart detection
JET Protection Inner Wall project: algorithms for RT monitoring (ROI, filtering,...)
Home-made bi-spectral camera : algorithms for calibration, NUC, adaptive IT, acquisition

22. Wall Monitoring system discharge learning / optimization process
scenario compatibility with PFCs operational limits ?
Full integrated simulation from the plasma source to the measured temperature
Before discharge
Physics parameters
(λq, Prad, etc.)
Knowledge for scenario construction & operational limits
Plasma parameters : Magnetic equilibrium, Ip
Plasma Control System
WEST Database
PFC material, optical properties & operational limits (max surface temperature)
Diag data (IR)
During discharge
After discharge
Diagnostics features
Discharge data analysis to optimize next discharge
Multi-diagnostics analysis for High level Machine protection
M. Travere et al.,1st EPS Conference on Plasma Diagnostics, Frascati, April 2015

23. OUTLINE Introduction IR views objectives & location
Design & performances
Cameras and signal processing
Conclusion

24. Conclusion
The WEST upgrade of Tore Supra requires new diagnostics for PFCs protection
4 different IR views are developed : standard and high resolution divertor views, antennas views, and 1 wide angle tangential view
The developments are in progress : optical and opto-mechanical systems, IR cameras, acquisition and RT processing
A novel system (WMS) is proposed for high level machine protection and discharge control

25. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION