2. 100G Optical Transmission The next evolutionary phase
Presentation Revision: A.00
Jan | 100G Optical Transport – The next evolutionary phase

3. The Goal 100Gig connection
100G Access
The Goal
100Gig connection
A cost effective 100G service deployment - with a simple and fast setup.

4. Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index, 2015-2020
Data Traffic Growth
The data traffic is growing at a rapid speed. Global Data Center Traffic for example is expected to triple from 2015 to 2020 to more than 1,2 Zettabytes per month by 2020.
Continuous growth
Exabytes per Month
Source: Cisco Global Cloud Index,

5. Technology Development
Technology capable of higher bandwidths is continuously being developed. However, the supported bandwidth of these technologies is segmented in steps.
Every time one of these technological steps was taken, until it became a widely used and even a commodity technology, a reoccurring pattern can be found.

6. The pattern of evolution – Phase 1
When a new technology is developed it usually pushes the boundaries of what is technically possible.
Expensive
Large size
Power hungry
Long-haul applications (>800km)

7. The pattern of evolution – Phase 2
With time the technology advances and more solutions are available. Result is matured technology.
Less expensive
Reduced size
Less power hungry
Metro applications (typ. 200 – 600km)

8. The pattern of evolution – Phase 3
At some point the technology becomes a de facto standard and somewhat a commodity technology.
Low cost
Small size
Low power
Access applications (<40km)

9. Bandwidth Requirements
Bridging the gap
As the development happens in steps but the requirement is a continuous growth, higher bandwidth requirements are there before the technology is available or affordable for a certain application.
In this case, multiple streams of the available technology are used instead.
However, with increasing number of streams, the complexity also increases. Especially when it comes to bursty traffic.
Burst Traffic
Bandwidth Requirements
Number of Streams
60G
10G
50G
10G
40G
10G
30G
10G
20G
10G
Burst Traffic
> 10G
10G
10G

10. Current way to Deliver 100Gig to customer site
Carrier Core DWDM Transport
Access Fibre
100G DWDM transponder
100G LR4
N*100G
CFP DWDM Optics
CFP DWDM Optics
Access solution is expensive & over complex to install

11. 100G Optical Transport Evolution
Phase 1 – New Technology
The first 100G optical transport solutions were multiple RU devices with fixed coherent transceivers.
Phase 2 – Matured Technology
With the introduction of pluggable 100G coherent CFP transceivers, 1 and 2 RU products and solutions became available making 100G interesting for Metro applications.
Phase 3 – Standard Technology
This phase of the 100G optical transport evolution is really just getting started. The main driver behind this is the advancement and availability of the transceiver technology…

12. 100G Transceiver Developments
The most noticeable developments of the 100G transceivers are the form factors and power consumption.
Year
Transceiver
Size (WxH)
Power
2010
2014
2015
CFP
CFP 2
CPAK
CFP 4
QSFP28
QSFP28
145 x 82 mm
107 x 41,5 mm
101 x 34,8 mm
92 x 22 mm
52 X 18 mm
<24 W
<12 W
<7,5 W
9 W
3,5 W
Size
Power Consumption

13. QSFP28 Transceiver QSFP28 Type Max. Distance SR 4 100m LR 4 lite 2km
The small form factor and low power consumption of the QSFP28 transceiver have made it a very popular. In the meantime it looks as if the QSFP28 is becoming the dominant form factor for 100G transceiver.
The prices of QSFP28 transceivers are constantly being lowered and the variety of types is increasing
QSFP28 Type
Max. Distance
SR 4
100m
LR 4 lite
2km
CWDM 4
LR 4
10km
ER 4 lite
25km
But what about distances up to 40km?
…and even more to come…

14. Optical Amplification for 100G
QSFP28 are 100G transceivers. However, natively they are 4x 25G transceiver. These four lanes are converted from electrical to four different wavelengths and multiplexed. All within the QSFP28 transceiver.
1295nm
25G
1300nm
25G
1304nm
25G
1309nm
25G
Fiber Optic Spectrum and Amplification
Description
Band
Wavelength Range
Amplification
O Band
Original
1260nm – 1360nm
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA)*
E Band
Extended
1360nm – 1460nm
Not available
S Band
Short Wavelengths
1460nm – 1530nm
Not available
C Band
Conventional
1530nm – 1565nm
Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA)
L Band
Long Wavelengths
1565nm – 1625nm
Not available
U Band
Ultra Long Wavelengths
1460nm – 1530nm
Not available
* The achievable distance of a QSFP28 LR4 combined with a SOA is ~40km.

15. Amplification in the O Band
Example: 100G QSFP28 LR4
RECEIVE MIN.
-10.6 dBm
QSFP28
QSFP28
1260nm – 1360nm
RECEIVE MIN.
< -10.6 dBm
Reach extension for 40G BASE and 100G BASE LR4 optical transmission
As with any amplified transmission the signal quality and signal to noise ratio is of high importance. The SOAs therefore has to be used as pre-amps (and not boosters) to amplify the incoming (Rx) signal on the receiving side of the link. 
SOA -Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

16. What about PAM4? 100G PAM4 modulation, eg ColorZ 100G DWDM QSFP28.
There appears to be a few hurdles yet to overcome if you’re looking to deploy these.
Very limited support in current switches, Transceiver identifies as DWDM 2lane type
Critical Power consumption of 4,9W as QSFP28 spec allows 3,5W on all ports and 4,5W on specific high power ports
Amplification - with negative power budget of -10dB! Low noise bi amping always needed, most standard EDFA’s are not suitable
Dispersion Compensation – built in for only 6km on G652, accurate external compensation will be needed
Multiplexing – normal DWDM Muxes are not supported (different passband needed)

17. 100G Optical Transport – The start of Phase 3
Increasing demand for 100G Access to customer site
Enterprise customers are looking beyond multiple *10G as bursty traffic is increasing
Due to the price level of the QSFP28, the cost has reached a level making 100G attractive for low latency / high bandwidth customers such as
Financial services
Broadcast
Wholesale to Other Service Providers
Research & Education
Result is a growing demand for low cost, flexible and easy to install 100G connections within 40km of carrier PoP.
More and more products using QSFP28 transceivers are emerging, providing just that.

18. CUBO mini – Details The Solution
Stand alone device with 2x QSFP28 MSA slots
Support for SR4, LR4 lite, LR4, ER4 lite and CWDM4
Layer 1 “conversion” between the two slots
Transparent for all higher levels
Supports OTU4 (4x 24G)
Self install and real Plug & Play operation
Small size (12 x 12 cm)
No active cooling (no fans)
WebGUI monitoring and control interface
Port Loopback for each QSFP28 slot
SNMP remote protocol
19” rack mount for Central Office as well as single module mounting solution

19. Thank you!
Jan | 100G Optical Transport – The next evolutionary phase