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Classification Of Matter
11/12/2018
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What is Chemistry? chemistry is....
The study of matter and its changes. 11/12/2018
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What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). 11/12/2018
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Mass and Volume Mass : Amount of matter in an object
Measured in grams using a balance Volume: amount of space an object takes up Measured in cm3 or mL Using a meter stick or graduated cylinder. 11/12/2018
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Identifying Matter What am I? I’m over 6 feet tall
Bigger than a bread box Shiny and dull Conduct electricity 11/12/2018
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Density
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Which picture was more dense?
Why? Definition of density Mass per given unit of volume
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Annotate Mass per given unit of volume Break down the definition
Vocab words? Mass- amount of matter in an object Volume- amount of space object occupies New definition?
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It means… How much stuff is in a given space
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Equation D=M / V D= density M= mass V= volume
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Make it easy… M V D
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What do you think??? What do you think the units of density will be?
M (units?) / V (units?) Do they cancel? g/ml or g/cm3
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How would you……???? Find the density of this? What equipment would you use?
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How would you…..? Calculate the density of ……
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Just kidding… I meant a …
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What equipment would you use?
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Which is right? A B
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Think it through Can with liquid 350 g Can alone 50 g Volume of can
You are to determine the density of the liquid in a Monster drink. Here is the data you know: Material Measurement Can with liquid 350 g Can alone 50 g Volume of can 150 ml Density ???????
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Think it through Material Measurement Rock 50g Volume water before
100ml Volume water after 150ml Density of rock? ???????
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Keep thinking…. If the density of water is 1 g/ml will the monster drink sink or float when placed in water?
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Label from 1-5 most to least dense
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Practice Worksheets
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Apply Could you prove that Ms. T is more dense then a guest appearance? Here are your tools 1 kg = 2.2 lbs Write a procedure
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Have fun!!!
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Classifying Matter Is water and koolaid the same? Why? Why not?
How about metal and air? Why? Why not? Matter needs categories or a classification system.
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Classification of Matter
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Pure Substances Pure substances are subdivided into two categories: elements and compounds. 11/12/2018
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Elements An element is a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions. In the periodic table, there are over 100 of these elements. Most of them can be found naturally on Earth. Others are produced synthetically by nuclear reactions. 11/12/2018
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The Periodic Table Period Group or Family Group or family Period
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Symbols of Elements Elements are indicated by symbols.
The first letter of the symbol of an element is always capitalized. The second letter is never capitalized. Examples: Silver = Ag, Carbon= C, Sodium = Na, Helium = He, Phosphorus = P 11/12/2018
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Compounds A compound is a substance that is composed of two or more elements chemically held together in fixed proportions. A formula for a compound identifies the number and kind of elements in a compound and the proportion in which they are found. Examples: H2O, H2O2, C6H12O6 11/12/2018
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Examples of compounds 11/12/2018
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The number at the bottom of a symbol is called a subscript.
The subscript at the bottom of symbol indicates the number of atoms. Atoms are the building block of matter. How many Ca? O? Cl? In bleach…. 11/12/2018
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Mixtures A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which each substances’ identity is retained. The mixture doesn’t have a uniform composition The substances in a mixture can be separated by physical means. What does the mean in your own words? 11/12/2018
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Homogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous mixtures are solutions which have uniform composition and appearance throughout. A solution may be gaseous (air), solid (brass) or liquid ( seawater). An alloy is a solution of two metals. Solutions have two parts: Solute-the substance that is dissolved; present in smaller amount Solvent-the substance that does the dissolving; present in the larger amount 11/12/2018
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Solute vs Solvent- compare and contrast……
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Homogeneous Solution 11/12/2018
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Heterogeneous Mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures are mixtures that do not have uniform composition and appearance throughout. The individual components which make up the mixture remain physically separated and can be seen as separate components. In your own words??????? There are two types of heterogeneous mixtures: colloids and suspensions 11/12/2018
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Heterogeneous Mixture
The constituents of the mixture retain their identity and may be separated by physical means. 11/12/2018
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Examples of Mixtures 11/12/2018
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Characteristics of Mixtures
Type of Mixture Size of particles Settles out Tyndall Effect Solution Very small No None Colloid Medium-sized Yes Suspension Large 11/12/2018
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Tyndall Effect In the beaker on the left, the beam of light is visible. This is a positive Tyndall effect. The particles in the beaker are large enough to scatter the light. The beaker on the right exhibits a negative Tyndall effect. You cannot see the beam of light. The particles in the mixture are too small to scatter the beam of light. 11/12/2018
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Who is who? Why? DEEDS!
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Separating Mixtures Four ways to separate a mixture: Filtration
Distillation Chromatography Crystallization 11/12/2018
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BP oil spill Bp Reading for meaning. Any suggestions????? Let’s try.
BP lab
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Filtration Filtration separates a solid from liquid through the use of a porous material as a filter. Paper, charcoal, or sand can serve as a filter. The liquid can pass through but not the solid. 11/12/2018
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Distillation Distillation is a method used to separate a mixture of liquids according to their boiling points. 11/12/2018
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Chromatography Chromatography (demo) is a method for analyzing complex mixtures (such as ink) by separating them into the chemicals from which they are made. 11/12/2018
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Crystallization Crystallization refers to the formation of solid crystals from a homogeneous solution. It is essentially a solid-liquid separation technique (Lab) 11/12/2018
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Is that water safe? Time to see if your water is safe!
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States of Matter and Phase Changes
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4 states of matter Match words with pictures: Solid, gas, liquid,plasma
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Write…Chalk talk… How did you decide which was which?
What did you notice about the difference between your choices? What makes the particles stay close or move apart?
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Solids are… Tightly packed particles Definite volume (lxwxh)
Definite shape Density- displacement Vibration of particles
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Liquids are… Loosely packed Definite volume (graduated cylinder)
Definite shape (container) Density Slip and slide of particles
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Gases are….. No organization of particles
No definite volume (must be contained) No definite shape- can be contained Density- if in a container minus mass of container Random motion
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Plasmas are….. No organization of particles No definite volume
No definite shape Density- can’t catch it HIGH ENERGY!!!! Random motion
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It’s all about ENERGY! All states of matter can change due to changes in
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Compare and contrast Solid energy Gas energy Liquid energy
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Changes If I am moving slow and start moving faster am I increasing or decreasing energy? Draw a diagram that puts states of matter in order from low to high energy
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Place these words in between states of matter where the process would occur
Boiling Evaporation/vaporization Melting Sublimation Freezing Deposition condensation
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Check yourself
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Increasing energy Melting- s to l
Evaporization/boiling/vaporization- l to g Sublimation- s to g
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Increasing energy Melting- s to l
Evaporization/boiling/vaporization- l to g Sublimation- s to g
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organize Draw a mind map organizing these ideas
States of matter condensation gain E Solid melting lose E Liquid freezing Gas sublimation Gaining energy deposition Losing energy evaporation
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The end! Good Luck on your test!
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