1. What is Matter

2. Define Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Can you see it?
Can you smell it?
Can you touch it?
Can it change?
What about air? Is air matter?

3. THINK ABOUT IT What are you made of?
Just as buildings are made from bricks, steel, glass, and wood, living things are made from chemical compounds.
When you breathe, eat, or drink, your body uses the substances in air, food, and water to carry out chemical reactions that keep you alive.
The first job of a biologist is to understand the chemistry of life.

4. Properties of Matter Chemical Properties – Change chemical composition
Burn
Rust
tarnish
Physical Properties – Change appearance
Color
Smell
Texture

5. Atoms
What three subatomic particles make up atoms?

6. Atoms What three subatomic particles make up atoms?
The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons.

7. Atoms
The study of chemistry begins with the basic unit of matter, the atom.
The concept of the atom came first from the Greek philosopher Democritus, nearly 2500 years ago.
Democritus asked, can you divide a substance without limit, or does there come a point at which you cannot divide the substance without changing it into something else?
Democritus thought that there had to be a limit, and he called the smallest fragment the atom, from the Greek word atomos, which means “unable to be cut.”

8. Atoms
Atoms are incredibly small. Placed side by side, 100 million atoms would make a row only about 1 centimeter long—about the width of your little finger!
Despite its extremely small size, an atom contains subatomic particles that are even smaller.
The subatomic particles that make up atoms are protons, neutrons, and electrons.
The subatomic particles in a carbon atom are shown.

9. Protons and Neutrons Protons and neutrons have about the same mass.
Protons are positively charged particles (+) and neutrons carry no charge at all.
Strong forces bind protons and neutrons together to form the nucleus, at the center of the atom.

10. Electrons
The electron is a negatively charged particle (–) with only 1/1840 the mass of a proton.
Electrons are in constant motion in the space surrounding the nucleus. They are attracted to the positively charged nucleus but remain outside the nucleus because of the energy of their motion.

11. Electrons
Because atoms have equal numbers of electrons and protons, their positive and negative charges balance out, and atoms themselves are electrically neutral. The carbon atom shown has 6 protons and 6 electrons.

12. Elements
A chemical element is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.
More than 100 elements are known, but only about two dozen are commonly found in living organisms.
Elements are represented by one- or two-letter symbols. For example, C stands for carbon, H for hydrogen, Na for sodium, and Hg for mercury (shown).

13. Elements
The number of protons in the nucleus of an element is called its atomic number. Carbon’s atomic number is 6, meaning that each atom of carbon has six protons and, consequently, six electrons.

14. How can we measure matter?

15. MASS AND WEIGHT

16. DEFINITIONS Mass- the amount of matter an object has.
Matter- something that has mass and takes up space.
Weight- is the amount of mass of an object, it is dependent upon gravity.

17. Units for Measuring Mass
Mass is measured in grams and kilograms.
1 paper clip= 1 gram
1000g=1 kilogram
The average human adult weighs 75kg.

18. Tools for Measuring Mass
**The Triple Beam Balance is the tool we use to measure mass.

19. How to use a Triple Beam Balance
Make sure the balance scale is at zero.
Place the object to be weighed on the balance plate and move the largest RIDER one notch at a time until the beam drops. Move the rider back one notch until it locks into place.

20. 3. Move the next largest rider until the beam drops
3. Move the next largest rider until the beam drops. Back it up one notch, and lock it in place.
4. Move the smallest rider until the beam swings equally above and below the zero mark.

21. ADD UP ALL THE NUMBERS AND THAT WILL GIVE YOU THE MASS!
**Always remember to write the unit of mass down. (ex.- kg, g)**

22. COMPARE AND CONTRAST MASS vs. WEIGHT
Always remains constant Depends on gravity
Does not depend on gravity weight=mass x gravity
weight of an object
changes if the gravity
changes

23. Volume
Define volume.
How can we measure how much space an object occupies?

24. Measuring Volume
We will be using graduated cylinders to find the volume of liquids and other objects.
Read the measurement based on the bottom of the meniscus or curve. When using a real cylinder, make sure you are eye-level with the level of the water.
What is the volume of water in the cylinder? _____mL
What causes the meniscus?
A concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid attract those of the container. The glass attracts the water on the sides.
Top Image: Bottom Image:

25. Measuring Liquid Volume
What is the volume of water in each cylinder?
Images created at A B C
Pay attention to the scales for each cylinder.

26. Measuring Solid Volume
10 cm
9 cm
8 cm
We can measure the volume of regular object using the formula length x width x height.
_____ X _____ X _____ = _____
We can measure the volume of irregular object using water displacement.
Amount of H2O with object = ______ About of H2O without object = ______ Difference = Volume = ______

27. DENSITY
Density is defined as mass per unit volume. It is a measure of how tightly packed and how heavy the molecules are in an object. Density is the amount of matter within a certain volume.
Density is the amount of matter within a certain volume.

28. Proof that water and ice have different densities

29. To find the density 1- Find the mass of the object
2- Find the volume of the object
3- Divide Density = Mass
Volume

30. Units for density g/cm3 or g/ml
Formula:
M = mass V= volume D = density
M = D x V V = M / D D = M / V

31. To find density:
Find the mass of the object
Find the volume of the object
Divide : Density = Mass Volume
Ex. If the mass of an object is 35 grams and it takes up 7 cm3 of space, calculate the density.

32. To find density:
Find the mass of the object
Find the volume of the object
Divide : Density = Mass
Volume
Ex. If the mass of an object is 35 grams and it takes up 7 cm3 of space, calculate the density.
Set up your density problems like this:
Given: Mass = 35 grams Unknown: Density (g/ cm3) Volume = 7 cm3
Formula: D = M / V Solution: D = 35g/7 cm3
D = 5 g/cm3