1. Resources Main skills Links to the spec
Penguin GCSE textbook page 177
Main skills
Summarising
Literacy
Links to the spec
6.1 Barriers to breaking out of poverty

2. Read page 177.
Many nations in the world suffer from poverty, with over 3 billion people living on less than $2.50 a day.
Copy: Once poverty is established it is very difficult for countries to break out. A cycle of poverty and decline sets in, which reinforces the problem.
Task: Summarise Fig 18 p177. You must separate it into 4-5 textboxes. Use arrows to show links and colour to separate. Make it visual! Can you categorise?

3. Because it is a cycle; each one leads to the next and reinforces the original.
Why are these labels shown in a circle?

4. Trade Debt Political Unrest Barriers to development
See the next slide to see examples of infographics!
Breaking out of this cycle is not easy. There are three key barriers
Using the information on page 177/178 and your own research, produce an infographic on the barriers to breaking out of poverty. Allow enough space to write your explanations.
Trade
Debt
Political Unrest
Barriers to development
Students share ideas

5. INFOGRAPHICS

6. What are the barriers to breaking out of poverty?
Trade
Students to write this down; debt, trade, political unrest are the main barriers to breaking out of poverty or becoming developed.
Good video approx. 3 mins
Global inequality and barriers to development

7. How does DEBT hold a country back from development?
Countries that have large DEBT (owe large sums of money) find it hard to pay for essential services such as education and healthcare because they first have to pay money back to organisations they owe like the IMF (International Monetary Fund). Indeed, some poor countries pay out more money in debt repayments than they get in aid.
Should their debt be written off (i.e. cancelled)?
Since of the world’s poorest countries have benefitted from international debt relief, so they can spend more on essential services.
Read only.
I may get my students to write the main point on a white board. This info is for a task later on

8. What is the message?
What is the cartoon suggesting? Debt chain broken – debt relief?

9. How does TRADE hold a country back from development?
All countries need to earn money through exporting what they make. In turn, countries spend money on what they need to buy in i.e. imports.
Problems arise when the value of imports is greater than the value of exports. This is the balance of trade.
For many LIDCs they tend to export raw materials (primary products) which have low prices while imported manufactured goods from ACs are high value.
Furthermore, much of the world’s global trade is controlled by TNCs who have their HQs in AC countries. They may manufacture goods in LIDCs but the profit does not stay there but is leaked back to the ACs.
Read only
I may get my students to write the main point on a white board. This info is for a task later on

10. What is the message?
Read only. Message – trade is dominated by ACs.

11. How does POLITICAL UNREST hold a country back from development?
Political unrest describes a situation where many people are dissatisfied with the government of their country and how they run it.
Countries where there is political unrest (or worse) today -
Syria, Central African Republic, Columbia, Honduras, Congo DR, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Turkey. Any others?
The unrest is usually due to one or more of these factors:-
Social inequality, corrupt government, high tax, lack of investment by government on education and other services, rising cost of living, conflict over resources like oil, crops or water.
Violence may break out and it can turn into civil war- like in Syria. This can severely harm the development of a country.
Read only
I may get my students to write the main point on a white board. This info is for a task later on

12. So what is the way forward?
More trade?
More aid? or
Top Down aid.
Big projects where the benefits trickle down
Bottom Up aid.
Small projects that start at the grass roots
Free movement– so that trade in goods is not hindered
Fair trade–
so that LIDCs get a fair price for their goods.
Trade blocs – groups of countries join together to give special trade terms to one another
An early prelude to the Ethioipia case study.
Read only
I may get my students to write the main point on a white board. This info is for a task later on

13. What is the message?
The caption at the bottom says ‘crocodile tears’. Is the cartoonist suggesting that the rich world’s supposed sympathy for the poor is not matched by generous help; only a small amount is being given.

14. Question time:
1. How could each of the following help a country to develop:-
Increased trade
Changing from trading mainly in natural commodities to mainly manufactured goods.
Borrowing money
2. For each strategy above, what are the disadvantages?

15. TASKS:
3. Complete the sheet entitled – ‘Factors affecting Development’.
(there is a copy of this on Geowilmington if it has not been printed- just answer on paper). It is called Questions Homework but for you it is a classroom task.
4. Go onto Geowilmington and complete the reading “why are African LIDCS so poor?” Make notes on this and design a poster/leaflet to summarise your findings

16. If you have completed all of this, re-read the information on pages and complete questions 1-7 on page 179. (see below)