1. Humans Try to Control Nature
Ch1 Sec 2
SS3219

2. Setting the Stage
By about 40,000 years ago, human beings had become fully modern in their physical appearance.
However, over the following thousands of years, the way of life of early humans underwent incredible changes through the developing of new technology, artistic skills, and most importantly, agriculture.
Lets take a look at some of the early advances in technology & art

3. Tools Needed to Survive
Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) humans were nomads - moved in search of food
Hunted animals, collected plant foods - were hunter-gatherers
Pre-historic hunter-gatherers, such as Cro-Magnons, increased their food supply by inventing tools

4. Tools Needed to Survive
Early modern humans had launched a technological revolution to met their survival needs.
They used stone, bone, and wood to fashion more than 100 different tools.
knives to kill and butcher game,
fish hooks and harpoons to catch fish
A chisel-like cutter was designed to make other tools.
Cro-Magnons used bone needles to sew clothing made of animal hides.

5. Paleolithic Artistic expression
Early modern humans created art:
- cave paintings, animal sculptures, rock engravings and paintings
- jewelry of sea shells, lion teeth, bear claws
- polished beads from mammoth tusks

6. Spanish “Caves of AltAmira” (UNESCO)

7. PALEOLITHIC

8. Review Complete Part A on your handout
1. How did hunter-gatherers use technology to improve their chances of survival?
2. What types of art did Paleolithic people create

9. The beginnings of agriculture
For ten of thousands of years, a nomadic hunter-gathering lifestyle characterized the early humans who survived by hunting game and gathering edible plants.
Living in bands of 25 to 70 people, men hunted while the women gathered fruits, berries, roots, and grasses.

10. The beginnings of agriculture
Around 10,000 one of the greatest breakthroughs in history occurred when crops first appeared
This discovery would usher in the Neolithic Revolution, or the agricultural revolution—the far-reaching changes in human life resulting from the beginnings of farming.
This discovery resulted in the shift from food-gathering to food- producing culture

11. Neolithic Revolution
The Neolithic Revolution was a fundamental change in the way people lived.
The shift from hunting & gathering to agriculture led to permanent settlements, the establishment of social classes, and the eventual rise of civilizations.
The Neolithic Revolution is a major turning point in human history.

12. Complete Worksheet part B
What factors led to the agricultural revolution?
Summarize the slash and burn farming method that was commonly used by some Neolithic groups?
Explain the significance of the domestication of animals during the Neolithic period
How did farming spread worldwide?

13. Worksheet part B Review
What factors led to the agricultural revolution?
Summarize the slash and burn farming method that was commonly used by some Neolithic groups?
Explain the significance of the domestication of animals during the Neolithic period
How did farming spread worldwide?

14. Beginnings of Agriculture
Neolithic revolution-the discovery of agriculture
Shift from food gathering to food production
Rising worldwide temperatures
Rich supply of grain
farming
Steady source of food

15. eARLY Farming METHODS
Slash-and-burn farming- cut down trees and burn them to clear fields
Ashes fertilize the fields
Plant crops for one or two years
Move to different field
Trees and grass grow repeat

16. Domestication of Animals
Domestication- taming of animals
Horses, dogs, goats, pigs
Like farming, domestication of animals came slowly.
Significant because animals became a constant source of food

17. Agriculture in Jarmo Jarmo - birthplace of agriculture
Agricultural settlement from 9,000 yrs ago located near the Zagros mountains in northeastern “Iraq”
Wheat, barley, goats, pigs, sheep, horses
The Jarmo farmers, & others like them in places as far apart as Mexico and Thailand, pioneered a new way of life.
These early villages marked the beginning of a new era and laid the foundation for modern life

18. THE SPREAD OF FARMING
Within a few thousand years, people in many other regions, especially in fertile river valleys, turned to farming
Africa
Nile river
Grow wheat, barley
China
Huang River
Millet, wild rice
Mexico and Central America
Corn, beans squash

19. Agricultural Revolution
What geographic feature favored the development of agricultural areas before 5000 B.C.?
Agricultural Revolution

20. Agricultural Revolution
What effect did the agricultural revolution have on population growth? Why?

21. Catal Huyuk
Catal Huyuk, in Turkey, is the best example of an early Neolithic town where the transition to a fully settled existence has been satisfactorily achieved.
Watch Catal Huyuk video overview (google drive for teachers)
Read Catak Huyuk handout & complete assigned questions