1. Presented by : Dra. Nenden Rainy S. Rian Rinaldi S.S.
CLAUSES
Presented by :
Dra. Nenden Rainy S.
Rian Rinaldi S.S.

2. Clauses in English : Adjective Clause Noun Clause Adverbial Clause
Independent Clause

3. Phrase A group of words that forms a new meaning Example : a red rose
three black bears

4. Kind of Phrases Noun + Noun. Ex : Lake house, Glass shoes, etc.
Adjective + Noun. Ex : Big house, bad boy, beautiful girl, etc.
Adverb + adjective + noun. Ex : A very handsome man, ten million dollars deal, etc.

5. Clause is
A group of words that has function (subject-verb-object-complement).
Each word or phrase constitutes its own function
Can and may be attached to another clause
Example :
A man crossed the road
Luna Maya is Mr. Rian’s ex-girlfriend

6. Phrase or Clause? The big lake She went into the class
The most climatically-comfortable city in Indonesia
Going to the moon and back
Sing for absolution!
You are my everything

7. Adjective Clause
Adjective clause is clause that functions as adjective.
Adjective’s function is to DEFINE NOUN
Adjective clause is clause that defines NOUN
Adjective clause starts with RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Example : She is the man who worked as the manager in that company

8. Relative Pronouns
Who :Human as Subject. Ex : He knows the girl who hit him last night.
Whom :Human as Object. Ex : He knows the girl whom he hit last night.
Whose :Possessive Ex : He knows the girl whose hair is red
Which :Non-Human. Ex : He knows the car which his wife likes.
Where :Time. Ex : He knows the exact time when the girl was killed.

9. Relative Pronouns
Where :Place. Ex : He points out the house where he was kept.
Why :Reason. Ex : He doesn’t know the reason why they left so early.
How :Way. Ex : He cannot understand the way how they escaped.

10. Noun Clause
Clause that function AS NOUN
Clause that REPLACES NOUN

11. Functions of Noun and Noun Clause
As Subject (Why you are here is unimportant)
As Object of Verb (She doesn’t like what she has just seen)
As Object of preposition (She cannot stop thinking about where his son is)
As Subjective Complement (You are what you want)

12. Relative Pronouns used in Noun Clause
What How
Why Whatever
Who However
Whom Wherever
Whose Whenever
Where
When

13. Adverbial Clause Clause that functions as adverb or complement
Gives detailed information to the MAIN CLAUSE
Can both precede and follow main clause

14. Kinds of Adverbial Clause
Adv Clause of Time : When, whenever,b4
ex : I remember the day when you left me
She gets crazy whenever she sees you
Adv Clause of Place : Where, wherever
ex : People always recall the place where they were born
I’ll go wherever You will go

15. Kinds of Adverbial Clause
Adv Clause of manner : as if, as though
ex : The girl smiled as if she were Mona Lisa
He fixed the car as though he were trained
Adv Clause of purpose : so that, in order that, in order to
ex : Chris John are training hard so that he can win the title
We eat in order to stay alive

16. Kinds of Adverbial Clause
Adv Clause of reason : because, since, for, as
ex : I hate her because she lied to me
She felt tired for she had worked too hard
Adv Clause of result : so…that, such…that
ex :She is so adorable that everybody likes her
She has such beautiful eyes that I’m in love

17. Kinds of Adverbial Clause
Adv Clause of degree :
- Comparative : …than…
ex : She is smarter than me
- Parallel : the… the…
ex : The more you eat, the fatter you get

18. Kinds of Adverbial Clause
Adv Clause of Concession : although, in spite of, despite
ex : She went to school although it was raining
Adv Clause of Contrast : while, whereas
ex : Chris John is short, while James Douglas is tall

19. More examples : Time -We got to have a pray whenever we hear Adzan.
- I still feel sad when you passes me over
- Wake me up when September ends
- I feel sick whenever I think about you
- Luna Maya will stay in my house when we get married.

20. PLACE Jihan Fahira will stay in the house where Rully stays.
Mariana Renata feels that she has found her real soul mate wherever she saw me
Yenis will go to anyplace where Yulia ask him to go
Sony went into the palace where Kristy was waiting for him with love

21. MANNER She held my hand tightly as if it was the end of the world
Jihad kissed the princess as though he were Cassanova
Mila is flying in Jihad’s mind as if she were an angel from heaven.