1. SPACE RADIATION DOSIMETRY
S. Deme, KFKI AEKI, Hungary
3rd ISOE EUROPEAN WORKSHOP
Portoroz, Slovenia April 2002

2. Space radiation
Galactic 98% ions 87% protons % alpha p % heavier (Fe) % electrons
Solar ~ protons (minimum - maximum activity, flares)
Secondary neutrons (up to 200 MeV) - albedo - interactions with spacecraft materials

3. Magnetosphere of the Earth and its influence on solar radiation

4. Magnetic field of the Earth

5. LEO space radiation
Magnetic shield
Pole Equator Pole
Dose rate

6. Annual dose – aeroplanes (average)

7. LEO space radiation
Galactic (constant) + solar (time dependent) particle radiation
Van Allen belt (inner) Westward - protons <600 MeV Eastward - electrons <7 MeV
SAA (South - 30°)

9. Annual dose – orbital stations (average)
Space Shuttle
Space stations

10. charged particles
Irradiation geometry
secondary neutrons

11. Personal dosimetry
Area dosimeters + calculations - proportional counters (LET spectra) - silicon telescopes (LET spectra) - Bonner spheres (depth dose, neutrons) - phantom measurements
Personal dosimeters - TLDs (ground/on-board readout) - PNTDs - Bubble detectors - silicon dosimeters

12. Ground exposure

13. T0

14. T0+

15. T>T0 dose rate 

16. T1

17. Shielding thickness

18. Dislocation of dosimeters, T2

19. Exposure

20. On-board measurement T3
Salyut-6, 1980 B. Farkas

21. Space Shuttle 1984 S. Ride

22. TLD data vs. readout time

23. Mir 1996 T. Reiter

24. On board TLD reader, Mir version

25. TLD data (1 h readout period)

26. SAA dose vs. longitude 70 60 50 40 Dose [μGy] 30 20 10 -100 -80 -60
Gaussian fit 60
measured data 50
EVA crossings 40
Dose [μGy] 30 20 10
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20 20
Longitude [degrees]

27. International Space Station, 2001, J. Voss

28. Extravehicular activity (EVA)

29. Location of TLDs during EVA (NASA)

30. Location of TLDs during EVA (Russian)

31. EVA dose

32. Gradient of dose at the surface of space station MIR

33. Career limit vs. age at exposure (10 y duration)
males
females

34. Space missions Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Interplanetary space
Earth’s magnetosphere
90 days to 180 days
Interplanetary space
outside the Earth's magnetic field
Solar Particle Events (SPEs)
several years
countermeasures are necessary

35. Conclusions