1. Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

2. Definitions
Anatomy – the structure of body parts (also called Morphology)
Physiology – the function of the body parts, what they do and how they do it
Gross Anatomy- study of body parts visible to the naked eye
Tissue- group of similar cells that perform a common function

3. Organ- group of several tissue types that together perform a special function
Organ Systems- a group of organs working together to carry out a particular task
Hypothesis- idea or scientific concept propose as a possible explanation of nature
Anatomical Positions- specific body position that is used universally as a common reference point for the positions of body structures
Body Planes- transparent glasslike plates dividing the body into parts which represent cuts or sections that can be made along a particular line of orientation

4. More Anatomical Vocabulary
Body Cavities- any space in the body that contains organs or fluid
Cell- the smallest and most numerous structural units that possess and exhibit the basic characteristics of living matter
Somatotype: used to describe a particular category of body build, or physique (body types: ectomorph, mesomorph, endomorph)

5. Vocabulary cont…
Negative Feedback- feedback control system in which the level of a variable is changed in the direction opposite to that of the initial stimulus
Positive Feedback- feedback control system that is stimulatory; tends to reinforce a change in the internal environment
Homeostasis- maintenance of relatively constant internal conditions despite changes in either the internal and external environment
Metabolism- steps involved in the breakdown of nutrient materials to produce energy and the transformation of one material into another

6. Movement - self initiated change in position, motion of internal parts
Responsiveness (irritability) - Ability to sense changes within, or around the organism and react to them
Growth - increase in body size
Reproduction - Parents produce offspring / producing new individuals
Respiration - Obtaining oxygen (O2), using it to release energy from food substances, and getting rid of wastes

7. Digestion - Chemically changing (breaking down) food substances, and getting rid of wastes
Absorption - Passage of Digested products (food substances) through membranes and into body fluids
Circulation - Movement of substances throughout the body
Assimilation - Changing absorbed substances into chemically different substances
Excretion - Removal of wastes

8. I am walking to Mcdonalds (movement)
I stop at the traffic light (response)
My body is growing (growth)
I am breathing air (respiration)
I get a hamburger and eat it (digestion)
My body absorbs the hamburger (absorption)
The hamburger circulates in my body (circulation)
The hamburger is changed to things my body needs (assimilation)
Eventually, I go to the bathroom (excretion)
Someday I may reproduce (reproduction)

9. Metabolism = all the physical and chemical changes
Bodily needs = food, oxygen, water, heat
Homeostasis = tendency of the body to maintain a stable, balanced, internal environment. “Sameness”

11. Axial Portion - head, neck, trunk Appendicular Portion - arms & legs
1. Several body cavities 2. Layers of membranes within cavities 3. Variety of organs and organ systems within cavities (VISCERA = internal organs. "Visceral organs")

12. Body Cavities Dorsal = back side Ventral = front side
Thoracic = chest (heart, trachea, lungs..)
Abdomen = stomach area (spleen, intestines)
Pelvic = lower abdomen (bladder, reproductive organs)
DIAPHRAGM:  Separates the thoracic and pelvic region
SEROUS MEMBRANE - covers and surrounds organs SEROUS FLUID  - lubricates organs

15. In-class Assignment
Label the body cavities (use your book)

16. Abdominopelvic Quadrants

17. Abdominopelvic Regions

18. Serous Membrane - two layered, covers organs
Outer layer = parietal
Inner layer = visceral (lines the organs)
Serous fluid – lubricating fluid

19. Pleura = lungs
Pericardium = heart
Peritoneum = organs (abdominopelvic region)

20. Visceral Pleura / Parietal Pleura Visceral Pericardium / Parietal Pericardium Visceral Peritoneum / Parietal Peritoneum

21. Organ Systems Concept Map

22. Anatomical Terminology Anatomical Position = standing erect, face forward, arms at side, palms facing forward *Study and learn the following terms*
1. Superior
2. Inferior
3. Anterior
4. Posterior
5. Medial
6. Lateral
7. Proximal
8. Distal 9. Superficial 10. Deep

24. Body Regions
Homework: Fill out the chart on the body regions

25. There are tons of careers, some of them only require a short term of training. What are your goals?
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