1. Enzymes

2. Amylase Activity
Obtain petri dish filled with a gelatin and cornstarch mixture
Soak cotton swab with your saliva
Draw / write on surface of gelatin
Place used swabs in lid
Wait 30 minutes

3. What are Enzymes? Proteins that speed up reactions in living organisms
Found in every cell
Reusable
Specific: one enzyme only works for one type of reaction
Thousands in every cell, shape…tertiary shape determines which substrate

4. Enzymes Lower Activation Energy

5. Enzymes are used to: Digest food Synthesize new molecules
Store and release energy
LOTS of very specific jobs!
Lactase…digest lactose

6. Enzyme Action
Label parts…hydrolysis reaction is shown

7. Place for proper orientation
Weak hydrogen bonds
Place for proper orientation
Shape of enzyme determines function, held in place by WEAK hydrogen bond

8. What affects enzyme activity?
1. Concentration of substrate
Till saturation point is reached

9. What affects Enzyme Activity?
Concentration
2.Temperature

10. What affects enzyme activity?
Increase temperature
Till enzyme becomes denatured
Decrease Temperature
Molecular movement slows down

11. What affects Enzyme Activity?
Concentration
Temperature
3. pH
Optimum = Right pH
depends on enzyme

12. What affects Enzyme Activity?
Concentration
Temperature pH
4. Cofactors and coenzymes (“Helpers”)
Examples:
Vitamins
Minerals (Iron, Calcium), Zinc

13. What affects Enzyme Activity?
Concentration
Temperature pH
Coenzymes
5. Competitive Inhibitors
Compete for active site
Block attachment

14. What affects Enzyme Activity?
6. Noncompetitive Inhibitors
Bind to another site
Induce conformational change

15. How are enzymes named? Substrate + “ase” Clues: Lactose  lactase
Sucrose  sucrase
Lipids  lipase
Synthesis of DNA  DNA polymerase
Substrate + “ase”

16. Finish Amylase Activity
Pour a weak iodine solution over surface of the gelatin
What happened?
Why?
Summarize in your Cornell notes:
What did you do? What did you observe? Why did it happen?