1. Introduction to International Migration

2. United States- A Nation of Immigrants

3. Emigrant vs. Immigrant Emigrant- Someone exiting a country
Immigrant- Someone coming into a country

4. Push Factors War/violence (most powerful reason)
Poverty (most common reason)
Persecution—when you are treated unfairly for something. Can be:
Religious persecution
Ethnic persecution
Political persecution

5. Poverty and Unemployment
Most common push factor
Main reason people migrated from Latin America to the USA over the last 3 decades

6. Pull Factors Good economy/jobs (Most common) Freedom Political
Religious
Ethnic
Peace
(Most powerful)
Stability

7. Immigration Barriers Obstacles that stop or slow immigration
Can be quota laws
Can also be physical barriers, like mountain ranges, oceans, or inhospitable land
Emotional barriers?

8. Man-made barriers Barriers can also be man-made, like walls Examples
Wall along border between U.S. and Mexico
2 more examples coming…

9. Israeli built wall on border with Palestinian territories

10. Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin during the Cold War

11. Source regions and destination regions—which are which?

12. Where do we have net-in migration? Net-out migration?

13. Transportation
Important part of infrastructure, allows people to relocate easily
Examples
Manifest Destiny—The railroad allowed people to move west
Trains in India, Mexico

14. Natural Resources Can cause voluntary migration
Areas with valuable resources, like petroleum and uranium, attract miners and engineers
Ex. Saudi Arabia,Gulf States, the Gulf Coast of the U.S.

15. Forced Migration Migration where the migrant has to leave to survive
Ex.—Atlantic Slave Trade (17th-19th century) Europeans captured millions of Africans and shipped them to the Americas (mainly Caribbean and Brazil)

16. Access to Resources Can also cause forced migration
People tend to live close to natural resources
Aral Sea—Shrinking because its water has been used for failed irrigation projects
Led to a huge decrease in population near the sea

17. Access to Resources Drought and Famine (mass starvation)
Western Europe—In the 1840’s a disease destroyed the Irish potato crop, and thousands of Irish came to the United States.
United States in the 1930’s—Parts of Oklahoma became known as the Dust Bowl. Drought forced many people to migrate west to California

18. Urbanization The growth of urban areas
Currently, 54% of the world lives in urban areas (cities), and the number is growing (projected to be 66% by 2050)
Happens because people go to urban areas looking for jobs and economic opportunities

20. Review! What is the difference between an immigrant and an emigrant?
Use different global examples to explain how natural resources can be both a push or a pull factor.
Give 2 real world examples of involuntary migration.
What is the strongest push factor?
How does migration lead to urbanization?
Is global urbanization a good thing, or a bad thing? Explain.