1. Government Response to Crash

2. 1928 Election…
Herbert Hoover
His ideas promised economic growth.

3. When he won the Election!

4. What was Hoover up against
Unemployment
Homeless people
Closed banks

5. Unemployment Line

6. Homelessness

7. Soup Kitchen

8. Food Bank

10. Poverty Spreads
Unemployed workers, unable to pay their rent, became homeless.
These homeless people built shacks of scrap materials.
These shanty towns were called Hoovervilles.

11. Hangin’ at Hooverville

12. What did Hoover do? Cooperation
Hoover believed the government directly helping people would not fix the problems.
He hoped that businesses and the government working together would solve their problems.

13. What did Hoover do? Cooperation didn’t Work So….
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
1932
Provided $2 billion in government aid to banks and businesses.

14. How did the Nation React?
Hoover said “I am convinced we have passed the worst.”
Millions of Americans did not agree.
People were angry that the government was not directly giving money to people in need.

15. The Bonus Army
May 1932
World War I veterans set up a camp near Washington DC.
They wanted the bonus money they were promised for fighting in the war.
The government didn’t have the money to pay the men.
The veterans refused to leave.
When the police tried to get the veterans to leave, violence started and the camp went up in flames.
Hundreds were injured.
Americans basically hated Hoover after this.

16. Election of 1932 America was sick of Hoover
His ideas didn’t fix anything
America wanted a different president

17. Election of 1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt was governor of New York.
With his wife Eleanor, he helped a lot of the people in New York
FDR promised that the government would help the people in need
Roosevelt won the election!

18. Franklin D. Roosevelt Wins Presidency
FDR wanted to fix America’s money problems.
He was ready to experiment in order to end the Depression.
He came up with a new plan.
This plan was called the New Deal

19. 1933 Worst year of depression First year of FDR presidency
Actions had not helped
But still kept trying
¼ of Americans out of work

20. Quote
“I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people.”
Franklin Roosevelt in 1932
What do you think FDR meant by this New Deal? What do you think this included?

21. What was the New Deal? Plan by FDR to end Depression
At least lessen effects
Series of programs to get country on its feet
Started with FDR’s election in 1932
Went through 1935
Second New Deal went from 1935 through 1938
Supported largely by liberal Democrats

22. Goals Three R’s Relief, Recovery, and Reform
Relief for the poor and out of work
Recovery for the entire economy to normal
Reform financial system to prevent another collapse

23. The New Deal Cartoon Who are the people in this cartoon?
Who do they represent?
What is happening?
What is the meaning behind this cartoon?

24. Programs Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Biggest New Deal program
Created hundreds of thousands of low-skill jobs for those out of work
Built schools, bridges, parks throughout the US
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Forestry, flood control, fire lookouts, etc.
Mostly young men
Had to send money back to families

25. Programs (cont’d) National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Support unions, stabilize wages and prices
Tennessee Valley Authority
Attempted to modernize poor south and prevent floods
Created Social Security
Provide $ for retirees
Ended prohibition
Countless other programs to help all levels of society

26. Court Packing Many acts struck down by Supreme Court
Called parts of New Deal unconstitutional
Presidential Roosevelt tried to find way to appoint new judges
Would guarantee programs would succeed
Failed
Became controversial

27. Fireside Chats Roosevelt was first President to use radio extensively
Allowed him to speak directly to American people
Helped people relate to him
Allowed him to “sell” his plans
Highly effective and popular

28. Review Questions What was the New Deal?
What was the purpose of the New Deal?
What was the largest New Deal program?
What did FDR try to change the makeup of the Supreme Court?
What were the purpose of FDR’s Fireside Chats?

29. Impact Eventually many of programs declared unconstitutional
New Deal greatly increased spending and power of government
Extreme national debt
Helps, but does not end depression
Only ends when WWII starts