1. Population Ecology #2

2. In Pg. 26
What is an Abiotic Factor?

3. Do it now Pg. 26
What is a Biotic Factor?

4. Notebook Check Notebook Check Sheet! Odd will be Wednesday!
Even will be Thursday!

5. Pg. 27 Title Page Use the biology book to help you.
Label title page at the top of the page (in any color)
Use 5 different colors of magic marker, Pencil and pen.
Draw a picture of a biotic factor.
Draw a picture of an abiotic factor.
Draw a picture of a group of animals living together.
Draw a picture of an animal living solitary lifestyle.
Define Ecology.
Define and explain Biotic and Abiotic.
Draw a picture of a place you would love to live.
These are all pretty small pictures and can be place. randomly on your paper but be sure to label each one.

6. Do it again Pg. 26
What are living factors called that influence a population?

7. Out Pg. 26.
What are nonliving factors that influence a population called?

8. IN Pg. 28
What are limiting factors?

9. Do it now Pg. 28
What are examples of animals that live in herds or packs?

10. Cornell Notes Pg. 29
What are models?

11. What are Models? Models are representations of real objects or systems
used to solve problems and predict outcomes
Physical models= a 3 dimensional representation used to show relationships between parts.
Model solar system
Conceptual models= a diagram that shows how the parts of a larger whole are related.
Food web
Mathematical models =based on mathematical equations.
Computer models= computer programs that make predictions.

12. Thru 1 Pg. 30 & 31 Analysis Questions Pg. 30
Instructions Copy on Pg. 31
What is a model?
What is a physical model?
What is a conceptual model?
What is a mathematical model?
What is a computer model?
Oodles of Models Activity
Read Oodles of Models hand out
Fill in oodles of models half sheet diagram
Glue half sheet diagram on back of Oodles of models reading page.
Attach all of this to page 31 and get stamped.

13. Do it again 28
What are models able to do that graphs and data tables can’t do?

14. Out Why isn’t there such a thing as a perfect model?
What choices do you need to make when creating a model?

15. In Pg. 32
Why are models important?

16. Do it now Pg. 32
What is a mathematical model?

17. Intro. To Ecosystems
Cornell Notes-Pg. 33

18. What is ecology?
Ecology- the study of organisms and their environment.
Reveals relationships between living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) parts of the environment.
Abiotic factors include…
Biotic factors include….

19. What are the two types of factors?
Abiotic Factors
Precipitation
Temperature
Soil
Water
Air
Geographic features like mountains
Biotic Factors
Plants
Animals
Bacteria
Fungus
Microscopic organisms like plankton

20. The Biosphere

21. What are the Levels of organization in ecology?
Biosphere- the portion of the earth’s surface that supports life.
Ecosystem- all of the living (biotic) and nonliving
(abiotic) factors interacting in the environment.
Community- all of the populations that interact
in an area.
Population- a group of organisms of the same
species that live at the same place
at the same time.
Organisms- individual living things.

22. What are the Levels of organization in ecology?
Biosphere- the portion of the earth’s surface that supports life.
Ecosystem- all of the living (biotic) and nonliving
(abiotic)interacting in the environment.
Community- all of the populations that interact
in an area.
Population- a group of organisms of the same
species that live at the same place
at the same time.
Organisms- individual living things.

23. What are the differences in these to types of areas? List 5

24. What is the idea of an ecosystem?
Eco=Greek “oikos” which means house.
System=a set of interrelated parts that work together and DEPEND on each other.

25. Can you identify this image?
Without knowing the scale the image was taken, you might guess it is a type of plant.
This image was taken with an electron microscope and zoomed in 50X.
You most likely would not guess that this is an image of human eyelashes.

26. Why is SCALE important? Ecosystems exist at different scales.
Microscopic=consists of organisms not visible to the naked eye.
Macroscopic=consists of organisms you can see with the naked eye.
Can range from small areas like a tidal pool to large areas like the ocean.
Regardless of scale, an ecosystem still consists of
Abiotic and biotic factors
Competition
Predator/prey relationships

27. What is an example of a Microscopic Ecosystem?
Photographer David Littschwager captured this amazing shot of a single drop of seawater magnified 25 times to reveal an entire ecosystem of crab larva, diatoms, bacteria, fish eggs, zooplankton, and worms.
In this single drop of water we can find all of the observable features of an ecosystem: biotic and abiotic factors, competition for resources, and predator prey relationships.
Seawater magnified 25X

28. What is an example of Macroscopic Ecosystems?
Macroscopic ecosystems can also range in scale, from a small freshwater pond to an entire rainforest. Yet in either system, we will find biotic and abiotic factors, competition for resources, and predator prey relationships.

29. Do it again Pg. 32
What are some important parts of an ecosystem?

30. Out Pg. 32 For the ecosystem pictured what are some: Abiotic parts
What is the difference between the 2?

31. How Populations are Described
In: Pg 34 Copy this slide
Density-average # of
individuals per unit of area
Size-the total # of individuals
How Populations are Described
Distribution-how the individuals are spread
through the environment

32. Do it Now Pg. 34
What are 3 ways populations are described?

33. Concept of Definition Map copy on Pg.35
Category
What is it?
Properties
How would you describe it?
Ecosystem
Comparison
What is it similar to?
Illustrations
What are some examples?

34. Concept of Definition Map copy on Pg.35
Category
What is it?
Properties
How would you describe it?
Population
Comparison
What is it similar to?
Illustrations
What are some examples?

35. Analysis Questions Pg. 36
What was the focus of the mark and recapture lab?
What did the beans represent?
What did each abbreviation stand for? M
CwM
Cw/oM
What is the formula for calculated population size?

36. Thru 1:Pg. 36 Mark and Recapture Lab
Complete the lab and finish the analysis questions.
Tape it in here as a flap.

37. Do it again Pg. 34
What was the focus of the Mark and Recapture lab?

38. Out Pg. 34
In this lab were you finding the density, size, or distribution of your bean population? Explain.
3+ complete sentences

39. In: pg 38 Draw and label each type of distribution.
2. Come up with your own definition for each term:
Population Distribution=
Clumped=
Uniform=
Random=

40. Do it Now Pg. 38
How are each of the answers for the In different?

41. Cornell Notes Pg. 39

42. How do we describe a population?
Population size is the total # of organisms.
Population distribution is how the organisms are spaced in their environment. NO COUNTING…it’s a pattern.
Population density is the # if organisms in a particular area at a given time.
Regions with the highest population size do not necessarily have the highest population density, since land area is an important variable in calculating population densities
China had a population in 2004 of 1,300,100,000 with a density of 136 people/square kilometer
Japan had a population of 127,600,000 with a density of 338 people/square kilometer

43. Density/Distribution POGIL
You are doing this as a table group and turning in one paper with everyone’s name on it.
Jobs:
Organizer–Reads the directions to the group and makes sure everyone knows their jobs and all sections are completed.
Communicator– only person allowed to communicate with other groups and ask questions of the teacher.
Numbers Guy or Gal-- makes sure each part is done on time and does any math necessary and runs the calculator.
Recorder—decides how to record the answers on the sheet…should be the only handwriting on the paper.

44. Thru 1: Pg. 40 & 41 Pg. 40 Analysis Questions Pg. 41
What is the formula for area?
What are the 3 types of population distribution models or types – see your in question for help
How are the habitats arranged in each picture?
How are the calculations performed in #4
Who had each job in your group?
Write the instructions from the next slide that are in green in any color you would like to.
Pick a group
Do the population pogil and staple it in as a flap on page 41.

45. IN Pg. 42 Greatest population density? Lowest population density?
According to the human population density map of NV, which areas have the…
Greatest population density?
Lowest population density?
How do you explain this distribution?

46. Cause of Death in an Elk Population
Do It now Pg. 42
Cause of Death in an Elk Population
What type of model is this?
What predators eat elk?
What is the main cause of death for 3-12 yo?
What age of elk do bears kill?

47. Cornell notes Pg. 43
Populations continued

48. Rates Rate is a measure of an event during a specific amount of time
Speed measures distance/time
Birth/death rates are calculated in occurrences per 1000 usually during a year
#births = birth rate x pop1
#births = 10 babies x 50,000 people = 500 babies
1000 people born

49. Populations
Populations are all of the individuals of a species in an area or region.

50. Population growth rates
A population growth rate describes how a population changes over time. Any population that increases in size is said to have a positive growth rate. A decreasing population has a negative growth rate. A population that remains the same size has a zero growth rate. What are the variables that determine a populations growth rate? The growth of populations is regulated by 4 different factors: birth rate, death rate and the movement of individual into(immigration) and out of the population(emigration).

51. Thru 1: pg 44 Population Projections Intro Questions A rate is…
Growth rate is…
A population that is increasing has a_____ growth rate.
A population that is decreasing has a __ growth rate.
The 4 things that affect growth rate are…
________ is the movement of organisms into a population and _______ is the movement out.

52. Pg. 45 Calculating growth rates
Population = Final pop. in year 10- Initial pop. in year 1
Growth rate Initial pop. in year 1
Remember
If the population is increasing, it has a + number for its growth rate.
Initial pop.= Final pop.=15000
Growth rate = =10000= 2
If the population is decreasing, it has a - number for its growth rate.
Initial pop.= Final pop.=2000
Growth rate = = = -.67

53. Draw on Pg. 45
The slope of a line tells you a population’s growth rate __ + # Of
Indiv.
Years

54. Thru 2 Pg. 46 & 47
Pg 46 Create a graph for each of the data tables. These are graphs 1,2 and 3.
Don’t forget to do your calculations.
Pg 47 Population Projections
Fill out data tables 1, 2 and 3.

55. Do it again Pg. 42
Why is a population Growth curve important for Scientists?

56. Out Pg. 42
Draw the following axis and draw a line that would represent a country with a zero population growth rate over 50 years. Assume that the initial population was 50,000.
100
# of individuals
(in thousands) 50 50
Years

57. In: Pg 48 What conditions could cause: UN high projection
UN middle projection
UN low projection

58. Do it now Pg. 48
What causes a decline in population #’s?

59. Thru 1: Pg. 49
Carrying capacity = the number of organisms a particular habitat can sustain
Exponential growth
Carrying capacity
Logistic growth
# of individuals
Time

60. Thru 2 Pg. 50 Differences Similarities Differences Logistic growth
Exponential
growth
Logistic
growth
Differences Similarities Differences

61. Thru 3 Pg. 51
Limiting factors determine the carrying capacity of the environment.
What do you think is the main limiting factor for living things in the desert?

62. Title:
Title Population Density

63. How are Populations Limited?
Populations are limited in size by different factors:
Density independent factors-not dependent on how many individuals of the species there are—fire, flood, weather.
Density dependent factors-dependent on how many individuals there are in the population—competition for resources, disease, predation.

64. Thru 4:Pg 52 A Population Study: African Lions
Go to website on the top of the question sheet.
With a partner, work through the model and answer the questions on your own sheet of paper
Tape the paper in as a flap on this page

65. Out Pg. 52 Density Dependent Factors Density Independent Factors
Classify the following as density independent or density dependent:
Tornado
Competition for food
Floods
Disease (this means communicable disease or disease caused by dirty conditions)
Competition for mates
Hurricane
Crowding and stress ( this means many animals will kill their young or have reduced fertility when the environment is over crowded)
Climate changes (like global warming or an ice age)
Competition for shelter
Predation

66. In: pg
Define:
Population Dynamics: The study of the change in a population over time.
Demography: The study of human populations.

67. Demographic transition
Less developed countries with higher death rates tend to have higher birth rates. This leads to a bottom heavy pyramid. This means there are lots of young people and fewer older people.
As a countries develop, death rates decrease (normally due to better nutrition and health care), birth rates also decrease. This leads to a pyramid that is about equal at the top and bottom. This means there is an equal amount of younger and older people.

68. Demographic Pyramids

69. Thru 2 Pg Pg Power of the Pyramids Do 1—pick one side for your table.
Analysis Questions
What do the pyramids tell you about a population?
Which country has
More adults and fewer children?
More children and less adults?
Which country has:
3. high birth rate and death rate?
4. low birth rate and death rate? Pg
Power of the Pyramids
Do 1—pick one side for your table.
Between all of the people at your table you should have all 3 countries for one side done so you can answer the analysis questions
Tape graphs here!

70. Out
Which country has a high birth rate and high death rate? Explain.

71. Old stuff

72. Ch 18-Intro to Ecology
Pg 131 Cornell notes

73. In: Pg How many people do you think live In Nevada?
In the United States?
In the world?

74. Nevada: 2,700,551 (2010: US Census Bureau)
United States: 308,745,538 (2010: US Census Bureau)
World: 7,000,394,000 (11/2/11: World Population Clock)

75. Chapter 7 and 9- Modeling Human Population Growth and Changing Populations.
Thru 1: Pg Cornell Notes

76. Thru 2 Pg Pg 3 Column Vocabulary
Population
2. Demography
3. Population dynamics
4. Exponential growth
5. Population density
6. Population size Pg
Pick ONE word from the vocab. list to the right.
Create “T-shirt Art”(#1 on the “Fab 5” sheet on pg. 2 of your INB) for the vocab. word.
Make sure you read the directions carefully!!!

77. Demography
Every person counts
Front of shirt
Back of shirt

78. Out
Draw a diagram/picture to represent the difference between population size and population density.

79. Thru #2 Pg Analysis Conceptual Model Description of Model Pg
Create your own conceptual model for any topic you chose.
Description of Model
Write 3+ sentences describing your conceptual model.
Tell me what info. you are communicating in this model. Pg
Do “Creating Conceptual Models” and tape in INB

80. Out Video games are a model of real or imaginary situations.
What type of model is a video game? Why?

81. Wed. 11/23
Quiz #3 today—get out paper!

82. INB Quiz #4 What is the title of the Cornell notes on pg.39?
What type of growth is human population experiencing? Pg 39
_____ ______ is the total # of organisms inhabiting a given area at a given time. Pg 41
What is one of the uses of a model? Pg 43
What is one input into your model of a green plant? Pg 45
What is the answer to #1 on pg 47?

83. Thru 1: pg
Which 2 of the following 4 statistics do you think has the biggest impact on fertility rates? Circle them!!
Daily caloric intake (average # of calories eaten per person per day)
Per capita income (average income per person)
Infant mortality(# of children/1000 births who die before 1 year)
Population per doctor (total # of people/total # of doctors)

84. Thru 2 Pg Pg 9.2 Comparing Countries Analysis Questions
Which 2 of the 4 statistics from the graphs have a positive correlation to fertility rate?
Why do you think these statistic(s) cause an increase in fertility rates?
Which 2 of the 4 statistics have a negative correlation to fertility rate?
Name 2 other statistics that you think might affect fertility rates other than the four we have already discussed.
Explain why you picked these statistics (from #4).
How would a change in fertility rate affect the population size of a country? Pg
9.2 Comparing Countries
Do a best fit line for each of the graphs.

85. Out
Are graphs a type of model? Explain.
Complete sentences

86. Death Rates per Thousand

88. United States Fertility Rates

89. Thru 1: pg Evaluating a Theory
Read Evaluating a Theory and do the CLOZE passage.

90. Out
What stage from the Demographic Transition model is the US in? Explain.
Complete sentences
Rule of 3

91. Thru 1: pg
Guided Reading for Ch. 19

92. Homework
Finish Guided Reading for Ch. 19.

93. Tues. 5/14 and Wed. 5/15
Quiz #5 today

94. Population density is the # if organisms in a particular area at a given time.
Regions with the highest population size do not necessarily have the highest population density, since land area is an important variable in calculating population densities
China had a population in 2004 of 1,300,100,000 with a density of 136 people/square kilometer
Japan had a population of 127,600,000 with a density of 338 people/square kilometer

95. Thurs. 5/16 and Fri. 5/17

96. Which of the following factors is a density independent limiting factor?
Competition
Disease
Drought
Predation

97. abiotic/biotic factors
Out
Ecosystems of different scales can exist in the same environment. Explain how this video clip demonstrates this.
abiotic/biotic factors
3+ sentences

98. In: pg
Place the “Yes” card at one end of your desk and the “No” card at the other end of your desk. With your partner, read each of the cards and place it into the “Yes” or “No” pile.
How did you decide which pile to place each card in?