1. Biotechnology EOC review

2. Biotechnology video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =jLZshifnyT4
Review activities/animations:

3. DNA Technology Today, DNA techniques include:
1)   DNA Extraction – the opening of cells to separate/isolate DNA from other cell parts
2)   Cutting DNA – large DNA molecules are cut into smaller fragments using restriction enzymes. These enzymes recognize and cut DNA at specific sequences.
3)   Separating DNA – DNA fragments can be separated and analyzed using gel electrophoresis. This process allows scientists to compare genomes of different organisms, separate genes, and create DNA “fingerprints
4)   Sequencing DNA – this process allows scientists to determine the sequence of N-bases in DNA.
5)   Recombinant DNA – scientists can cut DNA from two sources with the same restriction enzyme and combine them. This is used in genetic engineering. This process has been used to create human proteins used to treat disease, create pest-resistant crops, and for many other purposes.
6)   Copying DNA – polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed that makes many copies of a small amount of DNA.

5. Vocab review game

6. Term: transgenic organism Term: clone
Definition: Contains DNA from another source
Definition: Genetically identical copies

7. Term: human genome project
Term: gene
Term: human genome project
Definition: Fragment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait
Definition: International effort to sequence and locate every gene on human DNA

8. Term: embryonic stem cell Term: restriction enzymes
Definition: Completely unspecialized cell; can become any type of cell
Definition: Used to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences

9. Term: bacterial transformation Term: gel electrophoresis
Definition: When a bacterial cell takes in extra DNA and expresses the traits that are coded on it
Definition: Procedure used to separate DNA fragments based on size

10. Term: biotechnology Term: recombinant DNA
Definition: Application of genetic engineering
Definition: DNA from two different sources

11. Term: cell differentiation Term: genome
Definition: Process of creating a specialized cell by activating only certain parts of the DNA
Definition: Total number of genes in an individual

12. Term: somatic stem cell
Term: gene therapy
Term: somatic stem cell
Definition: Inserting a “good” gene to replace a “bad” one
Definition: Cell that has started the process of differentiation but can become many types of cells similar to the organ from which it was taken

13. Term: DNA fingerprint or DNA profile Term: plasmid
Definition: Circular piece of DNA found in bacterial; used in recombinant DNA procedures
Definition: Produced using gel electrophoresis; used to identify individuals

14. DNA fingerprinting Gel electrophoresis
crime scene blood analyzed to determine if a suspect did the offense

15. Practice EOC questions

16. Which of the potential suspects is most likely the robber? 3
The DNA profiles of five people potentially involved in a robbery are shown below. The profile on the left was obtained from DNA belonging to the robber. The four other profiles were obtained from the suspects.
Which of the potential suspects is most likely the robber? 3

17. Similarities between organisms allow scientists to transfer portions of DNA from one organism to another. The human insulin gene is placed into a bacterial plasmid and the bacteria synthesize this hormone. Which of the following best describes this process and its advantages?
A. Selective breeding; expensive and slow B. Gene therapy; inexpensive and profitable C. Bacterial transformation; inexpensive and efficient D. Gel electrophoresis; inexpensive and profitable

18. During a murder trial, criminal forensic prosecutors used DNA technology to match seed pods found in the suspects pickup truck to one specific tree growing near the victims unmarked grave. Which technique did prosecutors most likely use to conclusively link the suspect to the victim?
Transgenic plants have DNA from another organism inserted into its genome. What is one main benefit of using transgenic plants in crop production?
What is one benefit of genetically engineered plants?

19. Bacterial transformation Bacterial plasmid Gene Therapy
Vocabulary
Restriction enzymes
Bacterial transformation
Bacterial plasmid
Gene Therapy
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Clone
Transgenic organisms
DNA fingerprinting
Gel electrophoresis
Essential Questions
How is DNA fingerprinting useful in today’s society?
Summarize the steps of bacterial transformation.
Defend the uses of biotechnology.
List some applications of transgenic organism in agriculture and industry.