1. Chemistry

2. Atom – the basic building blocks of matter
Atom – the basic building blocks of matter

3. The Atom Nucleus Protons – positive charge Neutrons – neutral charge
Electron Shell
Electrons – negative charge

4. The Atom

5. https://www. youtube. com/watch
The Periodic Table

6. Atomic Number Element Symbol Atomic Mass Number
Element – substances that cannot be broken down by chemical means into another substance
Atomic Number
Element Symbol
Atomic Mass Number

7. Bohr Models of Atoms
Atomic Number – number of protons in an atom’s nucleus
Atomic Mass Number –
combined number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

8. Bohr Models of Atoms Electron Shells 1st – 2 2nd – 8 3rd – 18 4th – 32
The highest energy level with any electrons in it is called the outer shell.

9. Using the Periodic Table
Family

10. Three Groups Metals Conduct heat and electricity well
Becomes shiny when polished
Melt at high temperatures
Can be easily reshaped

11. Melt at lower temperatures
Three Groups
Nonmetals
Have a dull surface
Melt at lower temperatures
Tend to break when bent

12. Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
Three Groups
Metalloids
Have properties of both metals and nonmetals

13. Mystery Elements Game!

14. Try Matching Elements with their Symbols

15. Chlorine- a poisonous green gas
When one or more electrons from one atoms jumps to or is shared with another atom, a compound is formed.
Sodium- shiny metal that catches fire when put in water and tarnishes quickly in air
Chlorine- a poisonous green gas

16. Formation of Sodium Chloride
Na+
Cl-
Atoms with positive or negative charges are called ions.

17. Types of Bonds
Ionic Bond - compound formed when an atom gives an electron to another atom
Covalent Bond - when two or more atoms share their electrons with each other

18. Molecules
A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound that still has all the qualities of that compound.

19. Chemical Formulas
H O 2
2 Hydrogens
1 Oxygen

20. Phases of Matter Solids Liquids Gases Plasma

21. Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something is
Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something is. It is a measure of how fast the particles in a material are moving.

22. Solids Definite shape Particles move slowly
Particles packed tightly together
Liquid, Gas

23. Liquids Definite volume No definite shape Takes shape of its container
Particles flow more easily than in solids

24. Gases No definite shape No definite volume Particles flow freely
Particles are spread far apart

25. Solids, Liquids, and Gases

26. How tightly are the atoms packed together?
Solids
Liquids
Gases
How tightly are the atoms packed together?
How do the atoms move?
Examples

27. Plasma Extremely hot Electrically charged Gaseous
99% of matter in the universe
Rare on Earth
Found mainly in lightning

28. Melting Point- solid becomes a liquid (melting)

29. Boiling Point – liquid becomes a gas (vaporization/evaporation)

30. Freezing Point – liquid becomes a solid (freezing)

31. Sublimation - occurs when a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas

32. Physical Changes
A physical change changes the property of a substance without changing the substance completely. In other words, a physical change is reversible. 

33. Signs of a chemical change include:
Chemical changes cause a new substance to be formed, and they also either release energy or absorb it.
Signs of a chemical change include:
Smoking
Change in color
Change in temperature
Bubbling or fizzing

34. Mixture – a physical combination of two or more substances that blend together without forming new substances.
Homogenous Mixtures – a mixture that has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout.
Heterogenous Mixtures - a mixture that contains distinct substances that are physically and often visibly separate.

35. Suspension – a heterogeneous mixture made of parts that separate upon standing.

36. Emulsion – a suspension of two liquids that usually do not mix together; rather, droplets are suspended

37. Colloids – a stable mixture in which small, fine particles of one material are scattered throughout another material blocking the passage of light and not settling out.

38. SOLUBILITY is the ability of a substance to dissolve.
Solubility
SOLUBILITY is the ability of a substance to dissolve.

39. In the process of dissolving, the substance which is being dissolved is called a solute and the substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent.
solvent
solute

40. A mixture of solute and solvent is called a solution.

41. Factors that Affect Solubility:
Stirring
Crushing
Temperature

42. How Can You Take a Mixture Apart?
Filtration – separating a liquid from a dense, insoluble solid.
Distillation – process of separating liquids by using evaporation and condensation

43. Acids and Bases

44. Comparison of Acids and Bases
Chemical formulas begin with H
Have a pH less than 7
Taste sour
Turns blue litmus paper red
Examples: soda, vinegar, fruit juices, tomatoes
Bases:
Chemical formulas end with OH
Have a pH greater than 7
Taste bitter and feel slippery
Turns red litmus paper blue
Examples: Antacids, household cleaners, egg whites

46. Acids or Bases? 4 10 2 8 3 11
And Bases

47. Neutrals
A substance that is a 7 on the pH scale is called a neutral. Water is an example of a neutral substance.