1. ELECTROMAGNETISM UNIT
2018

2. Title your page: ELECTRICITY
LT: How is lightning similar to getting an electric shock when you reach for a metal doorknob?
Title your page: ELECTRICITY

3. ELECTRICITY
ELECTRIC CHARGES are from PROTONS (POSITIVE) and ELECTRONS (NEGATIVE)!
STATIC ELECTRICITY – accumulation of excess electric charges on an object
NOTE: *ATOMS become CHARGED by GAINING or LOSING ELECTRONS!* (So…what are you creating??? Chemistry anyone??)

4. ELECTRICITY
LAW OF CONSERVATION OF CHARGE: electric charges can be TRANSFERRED from object to object but CANNOT be CREATED or DESTROYED!! (Sound Familiar??)

5. OPPOSITE signs ATTRACT
ELECTRICITY
LIKE signs REPEL
OPPOSITE signs ATTRACT

6. ELECTRICITY CONDUCTORS Material where electrons move EASILY
EXAMPLE: metals
INSULATORS
Material where electrons are NOT able to move easily
EXAMPLE: wood, plastic, rubber

7. ELECTRICITY CHARGING BY CONTACT
Transferring charge by TOUCHING (CONDUCTION) or RUBBING (FRICTION)
EXAMPLE: Scrubbing a balloon on your hair and then sticking the balloon to the wall
CHARGING BY INDUCTION
Rearranging of electrons on one object that cause a charge to a NEARBY object
EXAMPLE: Van Der Graaff Generator!!

8. ELECTRICITY
Task for this section… Draw a DIAGRAM explaining how a lightning strike occurs. (Color is NOT required)

9. ANSWER THE LT: How is lightning similar to getting an electric shock when you reach for a metal doorknob?
Videos for help: – The Science of Lightning – Electricity with Bill Nye – Conservation of Electric Charge – Bozeman Science – Electric Charge – Bozeman Science - Static Electricity – Electrostatic Induction – Bozeman Science

10. Title your page: ELECTRIC CURRENT
LT: What property of electric current allowed Edison’s first light bulb to light?
Title your page: ELECTRIC CURRENT

11. ELECTRIC CURRENT
ELECTRIC CURRENT: net movement of electric charges in a single direction through a WIRE or a CONDUCTOR.
VOLTAGE : force that causes electric charges to flow
**Charges flow from HIGH VOLTAGE to LOW VOLTAGE** (HIGH concentration to LOW concentration…sound familiar??)

12. ELECTRIC CURRENT CIRCUIT – CLOSED path that electric current follows
Battery, wires, & voltage allow current to flow!
SERIES CIRCUIT
PARALLEL
CIRCUIT
SIMPLE

13. ELECTRIC CURRENT
DRY CELL BATTERIES Chemical reactions occur in a moist PASTE causing transfer of electrons EXAMPLE: Ordinary Batteries (AA, AAA, C, etc.)
WET CELL BATTERIES Contains 2 connected plates made of different metals in a conducting solution. EXAMPLE: Car battery

14. ELECTRIC CURRENT
RESISTANCE: tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons, changing electrical energy into thermal and light(radiant) energy.
BEST (LOW RESISTANCE) WIRE: SHORT, FAT, & COLD
WORST (HIGH RESISTANCE) WIRE: LONG, THIN, HOT

15. Tesla vs. Edison
Check these videos on Nikola Tesla’s Alternating Current (AC) and Thomas Edison’s Direct Current (DC).
Pay CLOSE attention to the videos. You will have a TASK based on them.
Tesla v. Edison 1
Tesla v. Edison 2

16. ELECTRIC CURRENT
Task for this section… Write a ½ page “mini essay” comparing Thomas Edison to Nicola Tesla (DC vs. AC).

17. ANSWER THE LT: What property of electric current allowed Edison’s first light bulb to light?
Videos for help: – electricity – electric current

18. Title your page: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
LT: Why does your home have a circuit breaker or fuse box?
Title your page: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

19. ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS Part Function Symbol Bulb
Will light when the circuit is COMPLETE
Battery
Cells that produce electrical energy
Switch
Can be turned on (CLOSED) to let current flow OR off(OPEN) to stop current flow
Wire
Containment for current

20. ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLELCIRCUIT
EXAMPLES: flashlight, OLD Christmas bulbs
EXAMPLES: homes, vehicles
COMPLEX CIRCUIT – combination of SERIES & PARALLEL circuits.

21. ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
Electrical energy enters your home at the CIRCUIT BREAKER or FUSE BOX and branches out to appliances, wall sockets, & lights.
CIRCUIT BREAKER – small piece of metal that bends when it gets hot , opening circuit and stopping current.
FUSE – small piece of metal that MELTS if current becomes too high, opening the circuit.

22. ANSWER THE LT: Why does your home have a circuit breaker of fuse box?
Videos to help: – Electric Circuits – Bozeman Science – series and parallel circuits – Bozeman Science - Parallel Circuits - Series Circuits

23. Title your page: MAGNETISM
LT: Why are magnets so important?
Title your page: MAGNETISM

24. MAGNETISM
MAGNETISM – refers to the properties & interactions of magnets where there is a force of attraction or repulsion between like or unlike poles
*Strength of force between 2 magnets depends on the distance between them*

25. MAGNETISM
MAGNETIC FIELD – exerts a force on other magnets and objects made of magnetic materials
*Strongest CLOSEST to the magnet*

26. MAGNETISM
ALL magnets have a NORTH POLE & SOUTH POLE

27. MAGNETISM
MAGNETIC MATERIALS (Ferromagnetic)– only a FEW metals, such as iron, cobalt, & nickel are attracted to magnets or can be made into permanent magnets.
PERMANENT MAGNETS – made by placing a magnetic material in a strong magnetic field forcing magnetic alignment to occur.

28. MAGNETISM
MAGNETIC DOMAINS – group of atoms with aligned magnetic poles (not seen with human eye)…how permanent magnets are made

29. MAGNETISM
Task for this section… Draw (or print) 5 examples of how magnets are used in our everyday lives. Be SURE to include an explanation for each drawing

30. ANSWER THE LT: Why are magnets so important?
Videos for help: - Magnetic Domains – Minute Physics – Magnets – Intro to Magnetism – Khan Academy – Magnetic Properties

31. Title your page: MAGNETISM & ELECTRICITY
LT: How can you increase and decrease the strength of an electromagnet?
Title your page: MAGNETISM & ELECTRICITY

32. MAGNETISM & ELECTRICITY
When an ELECTRIC CURRENT flows through a wire, a MAGNETIC FIELD forms around the wire.
STRENGTH of the magnetic field depends on the amount of CURRENT flowing in the wire!

33. MAGNETISM & ELECTRICITY
MORE COILS = MORE STRENGTH
MORE CURRENT = MORE STRENGTH
ELECTROMAGNETS – temporary magnet made by wrapping a wire coil carrying a current around an iron core INCREASE STRENGTH of the magnetic field by ADDING MORE TURNS to the wire coil (called a SOLENOID) or INCREASING THE CURRENT passing through the wire.

34. MAGNETISM & ELECTRICITY
ELECTRIC MOTOR – device that changes electrical energy into mechanical energy
In a SIMPLE ELECTRIC MOTOR, an ELECTROMAGNET rotated between the poles of a PERMANENT magnet!!
ELECTRIC GENERATOR – a device that changes mechanical energy to electrical energy
Check out the video on a SIMPLE ELECTRIC MOTOR:

35. MAGNETISM & ELECTRICITY
DIRECT CURRENT (DC)
ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC)
Current that flows in ONLY ONE direction through a wire. (EDISON)
EXAMPLE: A Battery
Reverses the direction of the current flow in regular patterns (TESLA)
EXAMPLE: Any appliance that plugs in
DIRECT CURRENT
ALTERNATINGCURRENT

36. ANSWER THE LT: How can you increase and decrease the strength of an electromagnet?
Videos for help: - electromagnets – electromagnetism – making an electromagnet